Today there is no doubt as to connection between diabetes and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and dental caries. According to research statistics it is possible to draw a conclusion that vascular abnormalities, metabolic and immune disorders occur in diabetes mellitus resulting in abnormal pregnancy and deterioration of teeth and periodontal health. Meanwhile, the immunological causes of pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus are understudied up to date. It follows that developing a new and improving the existing methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of periodontal diseases and dental caries in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus are extremely topical.

In the paper we have studied the activity of peroxide oxidation of proteins according to the level of carbonyl derivatives in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (35 patients), ischemic heart disease (35 patients), arterial hypertension (35 patients), and combined respiratory cardiac pathology: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + ischemic heart disease (40 patients) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + arterial hypertension (40 patients). It has been proved that comorbid ischemic heart disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increased activity of processes of protein peroxidation, the active peroxidation of protein molecules leading to endothelial dysfunction with hypersecretion of vasoconstrictors. In the group of patients with the combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + ischemic heart disease we have found a correlation between the level of carbonyl derivatives and the level of endothelin-1 (r=0.613 p<0.001), that confirms our conclusion.

The research introduces the results of clinical diagnostic radiology of 679 children aged from 7 days to 6 years previously diagnosed with birth spinal injury. The goal of the research is to make clinical diagnostic radiology of birth neck injury comply with the age of children diagnosed. In the course of the research the children have been examined by a children’s neurologist, pathologies and symptoms specific to every age group of children with birth central nervous system injury have been revealed. Neck ultrasonic examination pursuant to our method has been added to a conventional X-ray study of cervical spine. The medical data have then been subjected to statistical evaluation with Statistica 6.0. The strategy for radiological diagnosing most of the cervical disorders in young children with birth spinal injury has been developed. Early and later complications of neck disorders in children of different age have been analyzed.

The article presents the results of in-depth analysis of hemodynamic parameters shifts monitored during endoscopic cholecystectomy against the background of multicomponent inhalation anesthesia. It was shown that the anesthesia doesn’t lead to complete autonomic reflexes depression, but in general it provides the effective protection of patients during surgery. Meanwhile, within the period of adequate anesthetic monitoring no informative markers of hidden homeostatic regulation shifts that might prolong postoperative hospitalization were revealed. It was shown that the most possible postoperative instable condition resulted from the more morphologically unfavorable variant of the disease which had not been diagnosed before cholecystectomy.

The work studies the features of functioning oral cavity and tongue mucosa in adults with chronic renal and intestinal diseases, and endocrine pathology by applying modern objective methods of clinical trial. To study the functional changes we used the methods of examining pain sensitivity of oral mucosa (esthesiometry), examining an excitation threshold of taste analyzers (a technique of drop stimulation), and also stimulation of gustatory receptors by microcurrent (eleсtrogustometry). It is established that people with chronic renal failure, chronic nonspecific inflammatory intestinal diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 have higher threshold of pain sensitivity of oral mucosa, gustatory sensitivity of tongue, and electrogustometry indicators. The received data on functional changes of oral cavity and tongue mucosa in patients with some internal diseases must be considered when managing dental and associated pathologies.

The occurrence of wisdom teeth diseases in 6,047 men and 6,075 women aged from 18 till 88 years was analyzed on the basis of 12,122 dental out-patients’ cards and other primary medical records (PMR) in out-patient and polyclinic dental institutions of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region, Belgorod and Belgorod region. In adults the wisdom teeth diseases in 7.27% of all the cases are the reason of patients’ visit to dental institutions. In addition, lower wisdom teeth (69.05%) are affected more often than upper ones (30.95%). According to the bulk statistical analysis we concluded that there is dependence between the occurrence of wisdom teeth diseases and patients’ age, moreover the specific nosological forms of these diseases occur most frequently in certain age groups.

Determination of oxidative metabolic phenotype in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease allowed analyzing peculiarities of clinical signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease as well as efficiency of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the patients in question. While investigating symptoms of reflux (heartburn) and noncardiac chest pain it was revealed that patients with fast oxidative metabolic phenotype experiencing painful sensations were found rarer compared to the group with very slow metabolizers. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease proved to reduce the frequency of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the subgroup of fast and slow metabolizers in comparison with very slow metabolizers.

The study of 86 patients with recurrent herpes infection found a significant reduction of perforin-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes. The assessment of capacity of HSV-stimulated monocyte cell fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for influencing the relative content of perforin-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes revealed the greatest impact index in patients with a high relapse rate that might indicate greater involvement of antigen-presenting cells of the monocyte fraction of mononuclear cells in the regulation of the cytotoxic effector cells’ function. HSV antigen challenge led to the conclusion about the ability of cells of the monocyte fraction of mononuclear cells to activate immune effector unit. The findings suggest that the perforin potential of cytotoxic lymphocytes might be an indicator reflecting the state of the antigen-presenting function of monocytic cells.

We investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms of hereditary thrombophilia 1691G / A FV, 20210G / A FII, 677 C / T MTHFR, 455 G / A FGB with clinical and laboratory parameters of lipid metabolism and hemostasis factors in 119 patients (men) who had undergone reconstructive surgery on abdominal aorta and arteries of lower extremities, divided into three groups. The first group included patients with thrombosis of the reconstruction zone within the first 6 months after surgery (n = 44), the second group included patients without thrombosis of the reconstruction zone (n = 40), the third group consisted of men without symptoms of obliterating diseases of aorta and lower limb arteries (n = 35). The comparative analysis revealed the reliable relations of genetic variants 20210 GA FII with elevated levels of homocysteine and D-dimer test, genetic variants of 455 GA FGB and 455 AA FGB with elevated levels of D-dimer test. Genetic variants of CT 677 and CT 677 MTHFR are associated with the increased levels of triglycerides in blood and shortening of thrombin time, and the TT genotype of MTHFR 677 is associated with the reduced level of high density lipoproteins in blood.

The results of examining 290 patients aged 40-80 years in 2010-2015 revealed the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of main dental diseases (caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosa lesions) in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (chronic heart failure, stable stenocardia, cardiosclerosis). The relations between chronic forms of coronary heart disease as a background pathology and lesions of periodontal and oral mucosa as main diseases were studied. The developed "Program of monitoring and correction of dental patients with coronary heart disease» significantly improves the dental caries rates by 10.3%, periodontal diseases rates- 17.9%, lesions of the oral mucosa - 27. 3% with a persistent improvement of chronic conditions compared to the traditional methods.

Exposure of macroorganism to various xenobiotics (including broad-spectrum antibiotics) causes changes in lipid composition of cell membranes. The prophylactic effectiveness of antioxidant "Emoxipine" for normalizing lipid metabolism of experimental dysbiosis in mice was studied. It was established that the antioxidant stabilizes some fraction of phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol/serine, phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine) and neutral lipids (cholesterol, cholesterol esters). "Emoxipine" normalizes lipid metabolism, reducing the severity of membrane-destructive phenomena and restoring the functional state of blood cells.

The effect of isolated and combined regulators of nitric oxide synthesis (L-NAME 25 and 200 mg / kg, L-arginine 500 mg / kg) and carnitine 300 mg / kg on compartmentalization of lysosomal cysteine proteinase В, L, and N was studied. It was found that 25 mg / kg L-NAME resulted in a decrease in the total activity of cathepsins L and H due to lysosomal fraction. Increasing the dose of L-NAME up to 200 mg / kg causes the increased activity of the cytosolic fraction with respect to L-NAME 25 mg / kg. Administration of 25 mg / kg L-NAME against the background of L-arginine contributes to a correction effect of the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Carnitine group demonstrates the increased activity of cathepsin L, H in the cytoplasmic fraction, the increase in the overall activity and lysosomal cathepsin B is also marked. The model of the combined effects of carnitine and L-NAME reveals the decrease in cytosolic fraction as regards carnitine and carnitine with arginine. The lysosomal membrane permeability was assessed using the coefficient lability index. Its increase in cathepsins B, L, H, and the acid phosphatase was shown in all groups except the isolated administration of L-arginine.

It is well known that individuals with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine are high-risk group for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme is involved in folate metabolism and influences plasma homocysteine concentrations. The common variant C677T in MTHFR gene is associated with the decreased enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) of the MTHFR gene with the risk for IHD in population of Central Russia. We studied DNA samples obtained from 946 subjects, including 549 IHD patients and 397 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. The polymorphisms were genotyped through a real-time PCR using TaqMan allele-discrimination assays. The comparative analysis showed no difference in allele and genotype frequencies of the MTHFR polymorphism between the cases and control groups. The analysis stratified by gender did not reveal the associations of the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism with the IHD risk. The study showed that polymorphism C677T of the MTHFR gene is not a susceptibility gene for ischemic heart disease in Central Russia population.

Despite numerous studies cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability. Thus, researches’ objectives focused at understanding the pathogenesis and development of preventive measures are obviously shifted toward endothelial dysfunction and the cytokine role in developing atherosclerotic vascular lesions. The use of HMG-Co-A reductase inhibitors of simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and nanoparticulative rosuvastatin against the background of simulating endotoxin-induced pathology by introducing 603 Staphylococcus aureus strain leads to the development of dose-response endothelioprotective action, manifested itself in normalization of QED, prevention of increased adrenoreactivity and exhaustion of myocardial reserve, and normalization of biochemical markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) and proinflammatory cytokine level. However, the positive dynamics of NO end-products and expression of eNOS were revealed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of semax, a synthetic analogue of ACTH (ACTH-_4-7-Pro-Gly-Pro), on the morpho-functional condition of liver under chronic immobilization stress. The peptide was administered by intraperitoneal injection to male Wister rats at doses of 5, 50, 150, and 450 mcg/kg of body weight, 15 minutes before exposure to stress. Stress was performed by 4 h immobilization. Biochemical and morphometric examination showed that stress exposure significantly decreased the serum protein concentration, increased the activity of serum ALT and AST, and induced liver hydropic degeneration in the control group. Application of the peptide at the dose of 5, 50, and 150 mcg/kg resulted in improvement of the hepatocytes condition in central and peripheral parts of the lobules, but residual portions of hydropic degeneration remained in the intermediate sections. The further increase in the peptide dose up to 450 mcg/kg was characterized by residual hydropic degeneration in the central sections of liver lobules. Beside the manifestations mentioned, the peptide at the dose of 5 and 50 mcg/kg decreased the ALT activity, but increased it at the dose of 450 mcg/kg. The AST activity was reliably increased at the dose of 5 mcg/kg.

One of the problems of modern surgery is treatment of ventral hernias. It is important to study the process of wound healing in the area of implantation of prosthesis depending on the drugs use that improve the processes of regeneration and repair, in particular ascorbic acid. We carried out the experimental study of 200 white mice with the implanted prosthesis Esfil and ProGrip whose diet included ascorbic acid. The inflammatory response was less pronounced after using ascorbic acid and reached its minimum with endoprosthesis material ProGrip. There was significantly higher content of fibroblasts in the connective tissue capsule after the combined use of the endoprosthesis ProGrip and ascorbic acid.

The work is devoted to the pilot study of the causes of fractures in low-energy trauma and methodology of preventive reinforcement of proximal femur with original implants to prevent fractures in elderly people suffering from dystrophic and destructive bone diseases. The aim of the study is the development of a method of surgical fracture prevention through preventive reinforcement of proximal femur, original designs of implants for carrying out the method. To study bone strength as a result of preventive reinforcement in comparison with intact bone we applied the methods of mathematical modeling, which showed that the critical voltage in outlets started the destruction of bone tissue when loads increase by 11.6% -12.1%. Bench tests conducted have shown that preventive reinforcement increases the strength of bone-implant system by 23-93% and prevents the occurrence of fracture in low-energy trauma.

The efficacy of instillation of poludan on guinea pigs’ phagocytic link and blood biochemical indices was studied. In order to study indices it was used the model of experimental staphylococcal conjunctivitis in conditions of long and continuous exposure to magnetic fields, far superior to the level of background magnetic field of the Earth. It is established that experimental conjunctivitis of bacterial etiology is accompanied with active phagocytic process and the reduced activity of the oxygen-dependent bactericidal systems of phagocytes. Medical use of poludan since the formation of the pathological process causes an increase in the activity of oxygen-dependent bactericidal systems and the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes - catalase and superoxide dismutase reducing the severity of the inflammatory process.

This article is based on the results of sociological research among students of provincial Russian universities. As stress symptoms in self-assessment we used behavioral, intellectual, physiological, and emotional manifestations of stress, which are traditionally used in psychology of stress. The authors revealed that the information overload among students correlates with stress symptoms, being especially apparent in the emotional and physiological components of stress. Although a body is capable of coping with the effects of information overload physiologically, the emotional manifestations of stress events occur more readily. Thus, today the basic risk for students is connected with information stress due to the growth of information overloads as excess information "consumption".

Children who are on prolonged hospital treatment for tuberculosis revealed a variety of often pronounced psychological disorders that distinguish them from healthy peers living at home with parents and attending secondary school. Children separated from their families due to illness have a higher level of anxiety, they experience inadequacy, rejection, and they suffer from a lack of communication, avoiding reflection and decision-making. The consequences of the deprivation developing due to long hospital stay are not predictable. The results of the study prove that there is a need for psychological support of children and adolescents hospitalized with tuberculosis.

The article presents the results of a study of self-image dissociation in alcohol dependence. The results revealed the predominant manifestations of self-image dissociation in alcohol dependence, in particular: a body schema disorder as changes in proportions of body parts; a disorder of self-concept, which manifests itself in the emotional ambivalence; transduction of thinking as a self-monitoring disorder manifested itself in parallelism of main and sub pictures (zero angle); the appearance of Subself image, manifested itself in the presence and detailed drawing of facial features in additional images as a disorder of self-image in whole. The practical significance of the results deals with transformation of dissociated self-image into rational one that allows initiating the motivational processes associated with the treatment, recovery, and follow-up rehabilitation of patients with alcohol dependence.

The article represents the results of studying family relations, self-assessment and anxiety in children suffering from functional dyspepsia. The development of children’s personality is influenced by a lot of factors, including the nature of family relationships and somatic health status of a child. The disease has an ambiguous effect on the mental state of a child. Children with functional dyspepsia at the age of 8-12 have higher level of anxiety and some particuliarities in self-assessment development. The studies suggest the need for psychocorrecting work with children suffering from functional dyspepsia aimed at harmonizing social and psychological profile taking into account its specific features revealed.