According to the literature data, rescuers are often diagnosed digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal circulatory and connective tissue disorders. It is shown that the incidence rate among persons of hazardous occupations is higher than in general population. It was found that diseases of the circulatory system are the most frequent causes of disability among firefighters. It was found that each fifth case of the endocrine pathology in rescuers is obesity and 100% rescuers with obesty suffer from digestive and endocrine diseases, and 76% - musculoskeletal diseases. It was revealed the significant increase in the incidence of cancer among firefighters.

The work aims at establishing interconnection between oxidant disorders and structural-functional properties of erythrocyte changes while using different methods of multicomponent general anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cholelithiasis. 68 patients were divided into three groups depending on general anesthesia support with Halothane, Propofol, or Sevoflurane. Patients anaesthetized with Halothane had more expressed endoglobular processes of lipid peroxidation, change in lipid and protein concentration and correlation in membrane of erythrocytes that are responsible for structurization, form, membrane stabilization, and intracellular metabolism. The use of Sevoflurane had the minimal negative effect on the indices studied. The correlation connections identified between structural-functional properties of erythrocytes and oxidant parameters against the background of applying different multicomponent general anesthesia schemes testify minimal damages after using Sevoflurane.

The work deals with the dynamic monitoring of 69 elderly patients aged from 61 to 85 years suffering from chronic diseases of salivary glands, accompanied with the “dry mouth” syndrome. At the first stage, the patients underwent conventional dental treatment aimed at preventing the inflammation and progression of degenerative dystrophic processes in tissues of salivary glands, as well as improving salivation. The second phase involved the additionally administered anxiolytic treatment. In the course of treatment the psychophysiological state of patients and indicators of personal and reactive anxiety were assessed. It was found that all the patients with malignant tumors of salivary glands, sialosis, and medicamental and radiation sialoadenopatia manifested a high level of daily stress and impairment of nighttime sleep compared with the control group. The use of the additional anxiolytic therapy during the second stage was effective and reduced the performance of personal and reactive anxiety, level of daily stress, and improved nighttime sleep in these patients.

The article presents the data on systemic homokinesis shifts developed in 120 CHD patients during stress-testing and indentified by the аnalysis of non-linear dynamics pecularities of cardiointervalogram and their relative entropy. Both dynamic processes were presented in a form of attractors whose topology reflects current regulatory processes activity. The method for analyzing the internal structure of the dynamic processes studied in a form of the chaotic degree coefficient was proposed. Maximal variety of topological effects against the background of the physical activity and induced myocardial ischemia was observed in the analysis of non-linear dynamics of relative entropy. The findings open up the possibility of both quantitative and qualitative, casual diagnostics of the stress effects on the functioning organism.

The research studied the parameters of the vascular endothelium functional state (the ratio of endothelial function, levels of endothelin-1 and natriuretic peptide of type C) of peroxide oxidation of proteins (carbonyl derivatives), of lipids (TBA-active products), of antioxidant protection (superoxide dismutase) and inflammation (C - reactive protein and fractalkine) in 35 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 50 somatically healthy persons of Astrakhan region. It was revealed that COPD patients had endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to the peroxide destruction of both lipid and protein molecules. We stated a direct correlation between the level of plasma endothelin-1 and the level of TBA-active products reflecting an increase in production of vasoconstrictors with increasing levels of lipid peroxidation products in patients with COPD. It has been proven that the study of 4a/4b polymorphism of the eNOS gene is important in the diagnosis of endothelial damage in COPD.

Prevalence and intensity of dental caries, a degree of dental caries activity, and level of individual oral hygiene in teenagers of a megalopolis and suburbs have been studied by examining 982 teenagers aged 14-15 who are constantly living in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kursk, and their suburbs. The features of the microcrystallization of admixed saliva have been defined. It is shown that in teenagers living in a megalopolis and its suburbs including rural areas the high prevalence of dental caries which makes 91.6-97.6% becomes perceptible. The DMF indicator was 4.35±0.21; 4.71±0.26 and 6.78±0.31 in residents of the megalopolis, the regional center and rural areas, respectively. The correlation connection between dental caries intensity and the presence of somatic pathology in teenagers and saliva microcrystallization type has been established. Teenagers with the 3d degree dental caries have the pictures of the IIB and IIC saliva microcrystallization more often, and the IIIA type with the accompanying endocrine pathology.

The cytokine blood status of patients with adrectal fistulas has been studied. It has been found that the development of an adrectal fistula is accompanied by the pronounced imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) significantly exceeded (as much as 5.38 ) that of healthy individuals. At the same time an increase in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and receptor antagonist interleukin-1 was less pronounced (as less as 2.12 - 2.2). The concentration of IL-2 was as less as 1.8 compared with healthy controls. It may serve as the basis for the unfavorable development of the pathological process, since the imbalance in cytokine production can disturb the existing relationships in the local system, which ultimately leads to regeneration pathology.

The work was performed at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of North-western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg. The article discusses the smart systems of supporting decision-making in medicine, with a special attention given to the development of e-learning "School of physician" of the decision-making support system for medical solutions in dermatology available in the Internet under the domain name logoderm.ru. The article assesses the effectiveness of the presented module. On the basis of the results obtained it is shown that due to the visualization of clinical symptoms and the new approach in presenting information, the distance-learning course enables to optimize and personalize the educational process, increasing the efficiency of the primary training of STD and skin specialists.

Мultiple myeloma is one of the most expected malignant neoplasms, which could be associated with radiation impact. Thus the aim of this study was to estimate multiple myeloma rates in Belarus within 1991-2014. Data of Belorussian Cancer Registry were analyzed by calculating crude rates (CR), age-specific rates (AsR) and age standardized rates (ASR). Trend analysis was realized by investigating average annual percentage change (APC). In analyzing AsR the risk of the disease in the first 30 years of life is minimum. After 35 years the risk is dramatically growing. After 75 years the risk of multiple myeloma starts decreasing. Dynamic parameters have grown in both crude and standardized incidence rates (APC is about 3.5%). CR is higher in males than females as opposed to ASR. CR and ASR are higher for urban rather than rural residents. The data obtained can be used in further epidemiological studies of multiple myeloma risk in the groups of high radiation exposure.

An acute foot-shock stress caused a reduction in parenchymal-stromal ratio due to the dilation and hyperemia of the liver blood vessels, a stagnation phenomenon in the bile capillaries and cholestasis, an increase in the intensity of the liver current functioning and development of degenerative and destructive changes in hepatocytes, an increase in the current proliferative activity of hepatocytes along with the reduced depth of reparative reserves according to the results of the morphometric examination of the liver. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in the every dose used (40, 120, and 360 mcg/kg) increased the parenchymal-stromal ratio indicators in stressed animals. Peptide introduction in a dose of 40 mcg/kg was accompanied by increasing the current rate of functioning hepatocytes and accumulating the potential reparative reserves in stressed animals. DSIP in a dose of 360 mcg/kg contributed to a decrease in hyperemia, stagnation phenomenon and cholestasis, a significant reduction in degenerative processes and an increase in the liver reparative reserves. In conditions of the acute foot-shock stress the thymus relative weight was also reduced, but it was leveled after administrating DSIP in doses of 40 and 360 mcg/kg. Thus both the stress and peptide administration had no effect on the relative liver weight.

Among patients with eye pathologies a significant share is patients with conjunctivitis. Poludanum has the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects. The comparative study revealed a number of biochemical parameters in experimental conjunctivitis managed with Poludan. The control group was compared with the guinea pigs under conditions of abnormally high levels of magnetic field of 3 Oe. The experimental group received daily 15-minute augmented putting eye drops of Poludanum (repeated putting drops in within a short period of time) in a concentration of 1 U into the infected eye. The control group did not receive any treatment. Then we assessed the state of phagocytic level, as well as serum levels of catalase, lactate, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and lactoferrin. It was found that the use of Poludanum under these conditions increased the activity of oxygen-dependent bactericidal systems, thereby reducing the severity of inflammation.

Nowadays treating patients with hernia disease is a purely surgical question. Development and introduction of new materials for the replacement will certainly have a positive impact on the treatment of patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall, but do not solve the problem of dysplasia of connective tissue structures. The experimental study included 120 white laboratory mice. Animals were divided into two groups, 60 animals each. The division into two groups was due to using "Solkoseril". The effectiveness of "Solkoseril" on the formation of connective tissue was evaluated by counting the I and III types collagen in a paraprosthesis region, determining their ratio and density of connective tissue structures by using polarizing microscopy. The study revealed the collagen stimulating effect of "Solkoseril". The combination of a half-absorbable material for replacement therapy with "Solkoseril" allows to obtain maximum results, both for maturation of connective tissue structures and significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in their density.

For the purpose of studying the morphometric characteristics of a mandible without retention of the lower third molars, with their unilateral and bilateral retention, and with revealing the features of the asymmetrical structure of a mandible the craniometrical research was conducted on 80 mandibles of adults. All lower jaws were divided into four groups: I - without wisdom teeth germs; II - with third molars erupted; III - with a unilateral retention of lower third molars and IV - with their bilateral retention. It was established that morphometric parameters of the mandible with the bilateral retention of the third molars are similar to those with no wisdom teeth germs. The complete eruption of these teeth on both sides or even on one side leads to the statistically reliable augmentation of mandibular sizes. It was proved that the retention causes the distinct axial asymmetry of a mandible ramus, manifesting itself in irregular distance of the condylar and coronal processes from chin projection and mandible angle at contralateral sides. It was shown that the retention of the lower third molars is not only the disease associated with the wrong position of wisdom teeth germs or mandible underdevelopment, but confirms the systemic changes in the chewing apparatus.

The investigation results of the influence of iron metabolism disturbances on the translocation and survival of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus have been presented. Modeling iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and hemosiderosis (HS) was carried out on laboratory mice by introducing desferrioxamine and iron sulphate (III), respectively. Infection was carried out intraperitoneally (dose 1/2LD₅₀ per mouse) and animals were withdrawn from the experiment 12 h - 48 h - 72 h - 15 days after being infected. We determined the degree of microbial contamination CFU/g of the internal organs (liver, spleen), the genes expression of hemolytic phospholipase C ( plcH ), alginate ( algD ), exotoxin A ( exoA ) for P. aeruginosa and protein A gene ( spaA ), a global regulator of virulence ( argABCD ) for S. aureus . The development of sepsis and lethal outcomes may be observed in HS. IDA reduces the expression of virulence factors of P. aeruginosa , but contributes to the persistence of the parasite. By contrast, the sepsis development and the increase in the expression of general genes of pathogenicity occur for S. aureus in IDA. Different effects of iron metabolism disturbances on the course of experimental opportunistic infection are being discussed from the position of «quorum sensing» system in bacteria.

The features of constitutional and variant anatomy of the superficial epigastric vessels were studied. 40 female cadavers having died at the age of 53.8±4.4 years were examined. Before autopsy the length of inguinal ligament was measured on each corpse.During autopsy the location of superficial epigastric artery and vein was determined relative to the mid-level of inguinal ligament. Then the diameter of the superficial epigastric artery and vein was measured at the level of the inguinal ligament. In the investigated dissected material the superficial epigastric artery was observed in 90% and vein - in 100% of cases. The distance between the superficial epigastric artery and vein at the level of inguinal ligament was 1.6±0.5 cm. The diameter of the superficial epigastric artery at the level of the inguinal ligament was 1.7±0.2 mm and vein - 2.1±0.4 mm. The correlation between the length of inguinal ligament and the distance between the superficial epigastric vessels at the level of inguinal ligament (r=0.75; p=0.01) was established.

The data received with the help of capture system and movement analysis helped to determine the cinematic parameters of knee joint in step cycle of 25 men aged 17-25 with normosthenic body type. The amplitude of motions in a knee joint was: in flexion- 53.8±1.2°; knee axis rotation - 9.4±0.4°; lateral knee displacement - 12.9±0.5°. The correlation analysis revealed the strong link between knee joint flexion and lateral knee displacement and its axis rotation. The factor of weak power association may indicate the knee joint stability in extension and mild power indicates the less stability in its flexion.

The evidence of poisoning with cyclopentolate after its introduction into the stomach of warm-blooded animals on the basis of detecting the initial toxic substance and its structurely related compounds (transformation products) in poisoned organisms was considered. After the intragastric administration of 1.5 LD50 of cyclopentolate into the body of warm-blooded animals (rats), the initial toxic agent and possible products of its transformation in the organs and blood of poisoned organisms were searched for in a series of predetermined time intervals.The presence of cyclopentolate in all the investigated organs and blood of poisoned animals was established. The substance structurely similar to cyclopentolate -2-(dimethylamino)aethyl-(1.2-dehydrocyclo-pentyl)(phenyl)acetate - was observed and identified in the liver, kidneys, blood, spleen, heart, and muscles. The possibility to prove the poisoning with cyclopentolate on the base of detecting the initial poisoning agent and the possible product of its transformation- 2-(dimethylamino)aethyl-(1,2-dehydrocyclo-pentyl)(phenyl)acetate - in poisoned organisms was substantiated.

The work aims at studying the peculiarities of the functional state of muscles of the pentathletes. We examined 68 patients: 32 pentathletes of the highest sports qualification and 36 individuals not involved in sports. The assessment of physical development was carried out according to length and circumference of trunk and extremities, the size of dermal-fat folds. The assessment of functional muscular state results from performing the tests "Sprint" and "Speed test"on bicycles. The study revealed that the pentathletes’ indicators of aerobic capacity when exercising with hands were 2.7 higher in men, 3.3- in women; when exercising with legs - 2.2 in men, and 2.7- in women as compared to persons not involved in sports.

We investigated the intestinal circadian rhythm and the life quality among 157 young people from 17 to 23 years old. Factor analyses of 23 variables, which reflect the quality of human life, helps identify 8 components bringing the groups of indicators together. Designing a matrix of factor loadings was performed by using the main components method and rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser normalization. The morning acrophase is a component which integrates time of defecation, bedtime, taking the maximum quantity of food and maximum working efficiency. The circadian rhythm of the intestine is associated with the rhythms of eating, sleeping and mental and physical activity. The morning acrophase plays a significant role in shaping the optimal sleep and activity periods. The identification of circadian rhythm disorders at young age allows to detect the risk for gastrointestinal diseases and to carry out primary preventive measures. Early diagnosis increases the percentage of complete recovery and improves the life quality in future.

The neural network model of the quantitative estimation of functional conditions of a person on the basis of forecasting person’s biological age has been developed. The estimation of conditions is carried out on the basis of passport age, body weight, height, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, average pressure, and stabilometrical parameter - LFS. The method of classifying the conditions with distinguishes two classes.The optimal threshold of the classification makes up (-1.5) years. The test sensitivity is 82.5 and the ratio of positive results plausibility is 1.28. The model allows estimating the functional states while conducting different types of activity and predicting different disturbances resulting in worsening the health state due to the influence of different unfavorable environmental factors.

The article presents the study of body scheme disorders in patients after lower limb amputations in the parameters of the left-right orientation, spatial position and the body parts ratio relative to each other, objectifying indicators, as well as the adequacy / inadequacy of notions concerning the sizes of own body parts and own physique in general. The study revealed the disturbances of the scheme in patients with amputation of the lower limbs, regardless of the degree (amputation of one limb, amputation of two limbs) and amputation depth (amputation at the lower leg level, amputation at the hip level), manifested themselves in the spatial and quasi-spatial disorientation, distorted perception of the own body sizes, inadequate perception of the own body, a high level of dissociation. Prosthetics with subsequent rehabilitation allows the significant improvement of the quasi-spatial orientation, which is manifested itself in the clear differentiation of the body parts position in relation to each other and adequate spatial orientation preserving asomatognostic phenomenon.

The article presents the results of the study of individual-personal and psychosocial characteristics of delinquent teenagers’ mothers (n = 76, mean age - M = 38.12 ± 0.50) compared with the corresponding characteristics of mothers of teenagers with rules-based behavior (n = 76, mean age - M = 37.97 ± 0.46), as well as peculiarities of the system of meaningful attitudes (self-concept, attitude to their health, children, parents’ families, to their own marital relationships, to their work and leisure) in the compared groups of women. The article also presents the results of the empirical study of interaction between mothers and their teenage children in the process of joint activity (the author's experimental technique “Joint drawing of a mother and her teenage child”). The practical recommendations for individual supportive psychotherapy of delinquent teenagers’ mothers, who are in situation of chronic emotional stress, as well as the recommendations for family psychotherapy in their families were given.

The structurally-level organization of personal time perspective of patients with hematologic cancers has been empirically studied. The results of the comparative analysis of personal time perspective in patients with hematologic cancers and hematologic diseases are submitted in accordance with the correlations of the structural components (past, present, future), length, and time settings. According to the study the basic element of personal time perspective in patients with hematologic cancers is fatalistic present, dissociated both with the future and with the positive past. At the same time the negative past as a source of maintaining the fatalistic present experience is not dissociated. The practical significance of the results is that the integration of the future in the personal time perspective in patients with hematologic cancers will allow activating the productive coping mechanismsin response to the disease that is of prognostic significance in the subjective attitude to their own illness.