Objective: to determine the differences in the nature of the restoration of physical tolerance in the early (hospital) and late (up to 6 months) postinfarction periods in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent COVID-19. Materials and methods. Included 140 patients with STEMI, stratified into 2 groups: I - the main (52 people) patients with STEMI who suffered COVID-19 1.5-6 months before the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), II - the comparison group (88 people) with STEMI without COVID-19 in the anamnesis. PCI was performed with stenting of the infarct-related artery on the first day. A treadmill test was performed on 30-35 days and after 6 months and a test with a 6-minute walk (T6X) on 11-13 days, 30-35 days and 6 months after the moment of STEMI. Results. The distance value at T6X at all control points in the main group was lower than in the control group: by 12.5% on days 11-13, by 20.7% on days 30-35, and by 10.7% after 6 months. The increase in distance at T6X in the postinfarction period in the main group was less than in the control group only by 30-35 days (25.3% vs. 32.5%), and by 6 months it was 41.1% and 39.7%, respectively (p%=0.7087). The value of TFN in the treadmill test for 30-35 days in the main group was 46.2% lower, by the 6th month there were no differences. Conclusion. Patients with STEMI who underwent COVID-19 were characterized by lower TFN at the hospital stage and by the 1st month of treatment, and by the 6th month, the value of TFN in both groups was equivalent according to the results of the treadmill test and 10.7% (p%=0.0015) lower in the main group according to the results of T6X. The data obtained indicate a slowdown in the recovery of TFN in patients with STEMI with COVID-19 in the anamnesis.

Objective - to assess the informativeness of laboratory parameters as predictors of the course and outcomes of coronavirus infection. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical cases of severe coronavirus infection was carried out in 64 patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Kursk Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semashko from January to December 2021 Based on the outcome of the disease (recovery or death), all patients were divided into two groups. The first group with recovery included 37 patients, the second group with death included 27 patients. The study of laboratory parameters was carried out over time upon admission before the start of biological therapy with Olokizumab and on the 10th day of hospital stay. For statistical processing and analysis of relationships, calculations were carried out using parametric (Pearson’s correlation coefficient - R_xy), non-parametric (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient - R_s) methods, as well as factor analysis using a correlation matrix. All calculations were carried out using the STATISTICA version 10 software package. Results. Analysis of the study results showed that in patients of the first group, during treatment, there was a decrease in indicators of inflammation and the blood coagulation system, while in the second group there was a negative dynamics of these same indicators, which was combined with the progression of the inflammatory reaction and coagulation factors. Conclusion. Many years of experience in studying the new coronavirus infection have made it possible to identify the main predictors of severe forms of the disease, which make it possible to predict the course and outcomes of Covid-19. According to our data, the most significant criteria determining an unfavorable outcome of the disease was a tendency to increase initially high levels of CRP, IL-6, ferritin, which was combined with the progression of lymphopenia. Also a key prognostic factor is D-dimer, the level of which, according to our study, increased in group 2 by 2.5-3 times.

Objective: to study the serum levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with true eczema against the background of standard treatment using imunofan and low-intensity laser radiation. Materials and methods. The study was performed with the participation of 132 patients with a moderate form of true eczema with a torpid course aged 18 to 70 years. The patients were divided into four groups: the first group received only standard therapy (Ct), the second group received Ct and imunofan (Im), the third group received Ct and sessions of intravenous laser irradiation of blood (NLOK), the fourth group received imunofan and NLOK sessions simultaneously against the background of standard therapy. The content of IL-4, -8, -18, -31 in blood serum was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay before treatment, as well as 1 and 3 months after its onset. Results. Before the start of treatment, compared with healthy individuals, the levels of cytokines IL-8, -18, -31 were significantly higher (2.6-3.2 times), and IL-4 was 1.9 times lower. In the first group, cytokine levels did not significantly change at all follow-up periods. The use of immunophane and intravenous laser irradiation of blood caused a significant decrease in IL-8, -18, -31 levels and an increase in IL-4 levels 1 and 3 months after the start of treatment. The most pronounced character of these changes was observed with combined use against the background of standard immunophane therapy and intravenous laser irradiation of blood. At the same time, there were no significant differences in the levels of the studied cytokines 1 and 3 months after the start of treatment in any group. Conclusion. Treatment of patients with true eczema, including, along with standard therapy, intravenous laser irradiation of blood and imunofan, reduces the levels of blood cytokines IL-8, -18, -31 against the background of an increase in blood IL-4 levels.

Objective - to find sexual and age differences of the lumbar vertebrae and paravertebral muscles array structural organization. Materials and methods. Computed tomograms of the lumbar spine of 220 women (19 aged 35-44 years and 201 aged 45-59 years) and 147 men (15 aged 35-44 years and 132 aged 45-59 years) were used. At each segment of the vertebrae-paravertebral muscles there are 12 parameters were measured. Nonparametric statistics and factor analysis by the principal component method also were used. Results. Direct measurements of the vertebrae show the presence of sexual differences in the width, height and length of the vertebral bodies in the L1-L3 segments. Significant differences were revealed (at p=0.01) between the vertebral sizes in men and women aged 35-44 years in the length of the L2 vertebral body (in women 3.44-3.96 cm, in men 3.73-4.07 cm). The dependence of changes in the size of the vertebrae (p<0.05) in women in the length of the vertebral opening in the L1 segment, in men in the lower body width of the vertebrae L2, L4, upper body width of the L4 vertebra, the length of the spinous process L2, the angle of its incline in L3. The structural organization of the complex "lumbar vertebrae-paravertebral muscles" in representatives of different sexes are different. In women aged 35-44 years, 8 parameters play a key role, in men - 26, with age in men it decreases to 14. In women, age adjustment is associated with the redistribution of factor loads and the preservation of their number, in men it is accompanied by a decrease in the number of parameters involved. Conclusion. The structural organization of the complex "lumbar vertebrae - paravertebral muscle arrays" has a well pronounced sexual dimorphism. Age-related differences of the both sexes structural organization proceed differently; the initially more adapted men's "vertebral column - paravertebral muscles" system undergoes changes with age, manifested by rising it's structurality.

Objective - to study the associations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs1544410 gene polymorphism with autoimmune thyroiditis in women. Materials and methods. A total of 373 women aged from 18 to 88 years were examined. Of these, 241 women were diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis. The remaining 132 women without thyroid pathology formed the control group. The groups were comparable by age. Molecular genetic testing included determination of genotypes and alleles of VDR rs1544410 (BsmI) gene polymorphism using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. There was no association between VDR rs1544410 gene polymorphism and autoimmune thyroiditis in the general group of examined women (p>0.05). The connection between the above genetic marker and thyroid pathology also was not found among postmenopausal women (p>0.05). At the same time analysis of VDR gene polymorphic variants in reproductive age women showed an associations of G allele and GG genotype of VDR gene rs1544410 (BsmI) polymorphism with autoimmune thyroiditis. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the role of vitamin D metabolism in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis and indicate the significance of rs1544410 polymorphism as a risk factor for the disease, taking into account the age factor.

Morphological components of the nephron perform different functions in the urinary system. Each structural component includes a matrix and enzymes that regulate its remodeling in normal and pathological conditions. Objective - to determine the activity of metalloproteinases -1, -9, -19, their tissue inhibitor 1 in the structures of the vascular glomerulus, proximal, distal tubules, tubule loop, collecting tubule of the nephron in rats with experimental ascending kidney infection. Materials and methods. In an experiment on 16 Wistar female rats (since the female sex develops an inflammatory process in the kidneys more often that men) under rometar and lidocaine (according to the instructions), modeled a control series and an ascending kidneys infection. In this case 0,1ml of fecal suspension was inoculated unto the bladder with an insulin suringe by injection , obtained at the rate of 50 mg per 1 ml of salin solution with triple filtration through 3 lays of layers of gauze. The assessment and standardization of microbial contamination of inoculums by obligate representatives of the intestinal microbiota was perfomed by seeding a prepared suspension of feces on an Endo medium and yolk-salt agar-ZHSA with subsequent counting after 1-2 days, the purity of the grown colonies. When 0.1 ml of suspension is injected into the bladder, microbes of the Enterobacteria group is 27111.1±1911.6, Staphylococcus is 8333±1632.9. After 31 days from the moment of modeling, the kidneys were taken away. The activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) was evaluated by immunohistochemical method by determining the number of antigen-positive cells to MMPs and the intensity of their expression. Results. The study showed that after 31 days from the moment of modeling the destructive-inflammatory process in the system of urination in the vascular glomerulus, the loop of tubules, the activity of the studied MMP and TIMP increased. In the proximal and distal tubules, MMP 1 and TIMP 1 decreased against the background of increased activity of MMP 19. At the same time, the activity of MMP 1, MMP 19 and TIMP 1 increased in the collecting tubes. Conclusion. A comparative study showed a significant shift in the activity of the studied metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor from the cortical substance, where the vascular glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules are located, to the medulla - the zone of concentration of the loops of tubules and collecting tubules.

Currently, in the Voronezh region, it is planned to develop large-scale cultivation and harvesting of hops of ordinary coproducts, one of the main groups of biologically active substances of which is essential oils. The formation and accumulation of biologically active substances in plants is a complex process associated with a number of climatic, soil, environmental and other factors. Objective - study of the component composition of the essential oil of hops of ordinary coproducts harvested from wild plants in the natural ecotope of the Voronezh region. Materials and methods. In the Voronezh region, hops of ordinary co-fruit were harvested in a natural ecotope in an ecologically clean place in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. The preparation of the hop essential oil of common coproducts and the quantification of its content were carried out by hydroparodistillation. Component composition of the obtained essential oils was determined using Agilent Technologies 7890B GC System (Agilent Technologies, USA) with Agilent Technologies 5977A MSD mass selective detector (Agilent Technologies, USA). Data analysis and processing was carried out on the basis of NIST11 databases (from 19.05.2011), MassHunter v. B.06.00 and NIST MS Search 2.0 software were used. Results. Significant raw materials reserves of hops of common coproducts in the territory of the Central Black Earth Region make relevant both the procurement of wild raw materials and the development of its cultivation in the region for food and pharmaceutical needs. The studied features of the accumulation of the main components of essential oil of common hop co-fruits can be taken into account in the cultivation and procurement of raw materials. Conclusion. Significant raw materials reserves of hops of common coproducts in the territory of the Central Black Earth Region make relevant both the procurement of wild raw materials and the development of its cultivation in the region for food and pharmaceutical needs. The studied features of the accumulation of the main components of essential oil of common hop co-fruits can be taken into account in the cultivation and procurement of raw materials.

The genus of Clover (Trifolium L.) of Fabaceae family is numerous; it has up to 250 species. In Central Russia and Kazakhstan, one of the fairly common species of this genus is hybrid clover (pink clover) - Trifolium hybridum L. This species is widely used in traditional medicine around the world as an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound healing, sedative, analgesic, expectorant, diuretic. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the extract has been experimentally established. Hybrid clover is not included in the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia and Kazakhstan; the pharmacopoeia article for medicinal plant raw materials has not been approved. The possibility of using a new species in scientific medicine makes it necessary to study the anatomical structure of hybrid clover. Objective - the study of the anatomical structure of the aboveground vegetative organs of hybrid clover and the identification of microdiagnostic signs of medicinal plant raw materials. Materials and methods. The study of anatomical features of aboveground vegetative organs (stem, leaf) of hybrid clover was carried out in accordance with the articles of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition, as well as the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Freshly harvested, dried and fixed raw materials were used for the study. Results. Microdiagnostic signs of aboveground vegetative organs (stem, leaf) of hybrid clover have been described. Conclusion. Microdiagnostic signs have been established that allow for reliable identification of aboveground vegetative organs (stem and leaf) of hybrid clover from other representatives of the Clover genus having a similar structure. The results obtained can be used in the preparation of regulatory documents (pharmacopoeia article) under the section "Authenticity" ("Microscopic signs") for a new type of medicinal plant raw material of hybrid clover.