A comparative analysis of the influence on the volume of the prostate and the amount of residual urine of different modes of pharmacotherapy (monotherapy, α-1 blocker, 5-α-reductase inhibitor, plant agent, and combination therapy «α-1-blocker + 5-α-reductase inhibitor» together with additional androgen replacement therapy (ART) with testosterone undecanoate and without ART) in men with LUTS/BPH depending on their androgenic status. In routine practice nonregisrering androgen status of patients the most pronounced reduction in prostate volume by 26.6% within the 24 - month therapy was achieved in the group receiving monotherapy of 5-α-reductase inhibitor. Against the background of α-1-blockers monotherapy within 24 months the growth occurred in the mean prostate volume by 8.2% and in monotherapy with a plant agent - 1.1%, respectively. The average volume of residual urine decreased by 35.4%against the background of α-1-blocker monotherapy within 24 months and in 5-α-reductase inhibitor monotherapy - by 56.2%, in plant agent monotherapy - by 8.6% respectively. In the presence of age-related androgen deficiency the standard combination therapy results in hypogonadal men with LUTS/BPH were worse than in the total sample of patients without regard to their androgen status. Combination therapy with using testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men with LUTS / BPH had significantly more pronounced, rapid and sustained positive effect on such parameters as the volume of the prostate and the residual urine as compared with the standard combination therapy without androgen status of patients. The additional positive impact of ART on the dynamics of prostate volume and residual urine can significantly reduce the appearance of bladder outlet obstruction.

The results of the investigations of the 1,589 and 627 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in two regions of the Union State were presented. The indicators characterizing multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were studied. It was found that despite the similar conditions of forming the epidemiological situation in the CIS there are some differences in the prevalence of clinical structure. However, the incidence rate of drug-resistant tuberculosis and its risk factors were the same. The priority impact on the expansion of MDR-TB have the breach of antibiotic therapy regimens, social maladjustment factors (disability and unemployment), and comorbidities.

The article presents the results of clinical research of 8,963 people (5,741 men and 3,222 women) aged from 22 till 93 years on studying the prevalence of total tooth loss, and needs of adults of different age groups in its elimination. It is shown, that with age the number of patients suffering from total tooth loss on one or both jaws grows. Needs of people of all age groups in elimination of total loss of natural teeth remain high (44.89 - 70.59%). It is established that at old and senile age prosthetic stomatitis (in 27.19% and 40.48% respectively), and also jaws of 3 - 5 atrophy types which are a bad support for bracing and stabilization of removable prostheses due to their anatomic features occur more often. It demands the search of agents and methods for optimization of using complete removable prostheses, including the use of prosthetic adhesives, methods of dental implantation or their replacement by non-removable or conditionally removable designs fixed on dental implants.

The social significance of metabolic syndrome (MS) is very high and is due to the fact that the main target, which is affected by all the MS components, is cardiovascular system and this determines the high risk for cardiovascular diseases. Also, MS sharply increases the development of diabetes mellitus type 2. The more MS components patients have, the higher their cardiovascular and MS risks are. Extragenital diseases in pregnant women present a serious issue both for therapists and gynecologists. The portion of a therapist in treating pregnant women has become essential. To study carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy, we examined 143 pregnant women with signs of metabolic syndrome (МS). The prevalence and significance of obesity and MS female patients of the reproductive age make it necessary to continue detailed and thorough studies on the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development aimed at the decrease in the cardiovascular risk in future.

The article touches upon the evaluation of the secretory immune indicators of saliva in 96 elderly people (aged from 61 to 74) with various diseases of salivary glands (sialadenitis, sialosis, benign tumors, and malignant tumors). The proprtion of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG, secretory IgA, as well as inflammatory (IL -1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-1, interleukin-4, and interleukin -10 receptor antagonists) cytokines in saliva, and the defensin level were investigated with ELISA. The study found that all patients showed a significant decrease in the concentration of sIgA in saliva. The study of the cytokine proportion in saliva in patients with sialadenitis and sialosis revealed inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) being predominant over anti-inflammatory (IL-10), the opposite picture was found in patients with benign tumors of salivary glands. In patients with malignant tumors we observed a sharp increase in both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in saliva. These changes may cause an imbalance in the local mucosal immune response and the development of both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.

The article gives the analysis of the published data of late years concerning the use of probiotics for correction of microbiological disorders of the various parts of digestive system in patients with chronic gastroduodenal pathology. Dysbiotic changes of the intestinal microflora may be considered as one of the reasons for developing H. pylori antibiotic resistance. The treatment with probiotics of patients with chronic gastoduodenal pathology is promising, but not fully investigated therapeutic method. The data of meta-analysis devoted to probiotics effectiveness in H. pylori eradication and their influence on the development of antibiotic-combined side effects in patients of different age groups have been studied. The results of the majority of investigations show that probiotics in combination with antibiotics improve the efficiency of anti-Helicobacter therapy.

The article contains the results of clinical psychopathological, psychological and statistical survey of 60 delirium tremens patients. According to the number of parameters (such as delirium tremens types, excitement character, variety of psychosis recovery, transient syndromes) the clinical picture of delirium tremens in patients living in environmentally unfriendly regions (the basic group) has been proved to be of more severe character in comparison with the clinical picture of delirium tremens in patients living in environmentally friendly areas (the control group). Intellectual and mnestic disorders studied with Wechsler’s method turned out to be more apparent in the basic group patients than those in the control group. The diagnostics of intellectual and mnestic disorders and their correction in the post-psychotic period of delirium tremens will allow to form an adequate approach to the treatment of alcohol abuse and to develop different rehabilitation methods for patients.

Speckle tracking is a modern prospective method of assessing myocardial contractility of the left ventricle. The significance of post-systolic shortening (PSS) in the diagnostics of the local myocardial contractility of the left ventricle abnormality remains sufficiently unexplored. In this research we investigated speckle tracking of the apical positions of 139 patients with coronary heart disease. Measuring the myocardial systolic shortening after aortic valve closure has revealed negative, zero and positive post systolic peak. The results of the research showed that the magnitude of PSS depends on the contractility of the observable segment. In case of the local myocardial contractility of the left ventricle abnormality the time from wave R of ECG to peak strain is certainly changing. The findings of the research suggest that interaction of the related elements is a mechanism of the PSS origination, and the phenomenon of PSS itself is an important criterion of diagnosing the local myocardial contractility of the left ventricle abnormality.

The aim of the study was to establish the changing in the clinical picture in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy after being included in the standard pharmacotherapy combinations of neuroprotective and antioxidant drugs. These out-patients were treated in Kursk regional clinical hospital. Clinical syndromes significantly reducing the patients’ functional abilities; clinically apparent cognitive impairment expressed in memory and mentality decline were revealed in patients. The use of neuroprotective and antioxidant drug combinations in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy yields normalizing and corrective effects in neurological status and cognitive dysfunction with the maximum efficiency of actovein and cereton combination.

In recent years doctors tend to pay attention to the so-called “new-old” drugs that are time-tested and proven by the long-term clinical experience. Magnesium orotate (Magnerot^®) refers to such drugs. We have proposed a method of pharmacological correction of experimental hyperlipidemia by the combined usage of Rosuvastatin in dose 0.66 mg/kg/day and magnesium orotate in dose 100 mg/kg/day. The experiment was held in 40 rats. Hyperlipidemia was simulated by the single intraperitoneal administration of surfactant Twin-80 in dose 200 mg/kg. The study showed a reduction of triglycerides by 35.34% in the combined therapy. The research was carried out in relation to the control group of animals.

The aim of the present paper was to study the peculiarities of the staphylococcal microflora in athletes of different specializations. 2 groups of athletes were examined: 40 athletes training on land and 51 representatives of water sports. A comparison group was composed of 39 people having clinically healthy skin and of 60 people with skin diseases. Bacterial inoculations were carried out by the method of imprints on a selective agar-containing medium. The examination results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the prevailing staphylococci species in the 1^st group of athletes (60% of the examined number) and in the 2^nd group of athletes (51%), as well as in the group of healthy carriers (30.8%) and in the group of sick individuals (78.3%). Infection with Staphylococcus aureus in all the examined people was approximately similar and on the average it was of 3000 CFU/dm². We isolated MRSA strains of Staphylococcus aureus in water sport athletes at the frequency of 3.9%, and in the athletes training on land, at the frequency of 10%. In the comparison groups, the MRSA strains were detected only in 11.7% of patients with a skin disease.

The influence of pharmacological preconditioning with sildenafil and vardenafil on condition of microvasculature in the ischemic skeletal muscle has been studied compared with the effect of distant ischemic preconditioning. The role of inducible NO-synthase has been defined in the implementation of the obtained effects. Ischemia was modeled on the leg muscles of rats. The state of microvasculature was assessed using laser doppler flowmetry and histological examination. It was found that sildenafil and vardenafil improve microcirculation in the ischemic leg muscles of rats by neovasculogenesis stimulation. The obtained results allow the possibility of further experimental studies of sildenafil and vardenafil for pharmacological preconditioning.

The age-related changes of mineral density of lumbar vertebrae were analyzed in 929 (740 women and 189 men) patients aged from 20 to 87 living in Karelia. Bone mineral density was evaluated by dual x-ray absorptiometry. The values of mineral density peak in men were 5% lower and in women - 1.6% in comparison with data of densitometer base. A significant decrease in bone mineral density of vertebrae in women began at the age of 41-45 years, in men - 51-55 years. Women revealed the irregular reduction in bone mineral density of vertebrae: aged 40-50 years - 0.3% per year, aged 50-60 years - 0,8% per year, aged 61-75 years - 0.3 - 0.5% per year, and after 75 years - 0.7% per year. In men the reduction in bone mineral density was more regular: aged 45-60 years - 0.5% per year, after 60 years - 0.3% per year. Demineralization of vertebrae in women of 75 years was 20%, in men - 11.1%.

The article describes a new qualitative way to identify a human constitution type based on the score of the most informative anthropometric parameters which take into consideration the degree of subcutaneous fat, the degree of limb bones bulk, the ratio of body mass to its length and degree of chest flattering. As a result of applying the method given it was ascertained that mesosomic type prevailed among the examined city schoolchildren (1,693 boys and 1,757 girls) aged 7-17. Among transitional constitution types mesoleptosomic one was the dominant. Meanwhile the prevalence of adipose hypersomic somatotype was higher compared to the contrary type - asthenic leptosomic.

The present research for the first time investigates the connection of polymorphic variant R554K of AHR gene with the development of congenital atrial and ventricular septal defects of fetus. The material for study was DNA samples of 151 unrelated children of Slavic origin (residents of the Krasnodar region) with congenital atrial and ventricular septal defects, born in maternity hospitals of Krasnodar region and 219 healthy children. Genetic typing of AHR gene R554K polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction in real time using TaqMan-probes. A comparative analysis of allele frequencies and genotypes of AHR gene R554K polymorphism showed no association with the development of congenital atrial and ventricular septal defects in fetus. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of AHR gene involvement in the development of inherited predisposition to congenital heart defects.

Acetone was suggested as an isolating agent for extraction of diltiazem from biological liquids. It was found out that the optimum conditions of diltiazem extraction from bioliquids are already obtained in twofold infusion of biological item with an isolating agent provided the weight ratio of the isolating liquid and biomaterial at each stage of the infusion is at least 2:1, and the infusion duration - at least 45 minutes. The possibility of purification of the compound under analysis from the biological material of endogenous substances in a column filled with a sorbent «Silasorb C-18» with 30 mkm particle size was investigated. The TLC, photometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify and quantify diltiazem in extracts of blood plasma and urine.

The features of the 2-acetylhydroxybenzoic acid identification in blood plasma have been studied. An acetone has been suggested as an isolating agent for extraction of 2-acetylhydroxybenzoic acid from biological material. The possibility of purifying the analyte from endogenous substances by the adsorptive chromatography in a silica gel "L 40/100 microns" column using a mobile phase of hexane and diethyl ether (5:5) has been shown. To identify and quantify 2-acetylhydroxybenzoic acid in extractions from biomaterials we have suggested the methods of thin-layer chromatography of silica gel, ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry and GLC combined with mass selective detection. The technique of chemical and toxicological studies of 2-acetylhydroxybenzoic acid in blood plasma, which allows to identify 88.19-89.23 ± 2.29-3.56% of the compound with its proportion of 2.5-50.0 mg in 25g biofluid, has been developed.

The average values of latency characteristics of stimulation myography in men and women were analyzed. The correlation analysis revealed interrelations between latencies of stimulation electroneuromyography of forearm nerves and bimanual coordination indices of voluntary task-oriented movements in subjects. Some special features of motor units activation and motor neuron excitability were established both in men and women. Men in realizing voluntary motor programme revealed more adequate involvement of neuromuscular structures compared to women. The correction of bimanual coordination was realized in both groups after making faults, the values of task realization being more prolonged in women. Along with it mastering motor skills in men was accompanied with optimizing neuromuscular activation with every task but women showed the leveling of mastering bimanual motor skills against the background of dyscoordination of inter-effector relations. The established features may serve as criteria for professional selection and forecasting the efficiency of labour bimanual motor skills.

The paper presents an analysis of the neuropsychological mechanisms of spatial anticipation in alcohol dependence. Considering the spatial anticipation as a system of mental functions its decrease affects both neuropsychiatric, and mental, and social-psychological levels of its implementation in alcohol dependence. The study has revealed that the spatial anticipation in alcohol dependence is provided by functional direction of the parietal and occipital organization processes and is realized in echolalia, and perseverative and negative associative reactions.

The article deals with the criteria of social identity disorder due to dependence on smoking mixtures. Social identity, which is considered as a systemic integrative phenomenon including different levels of consciousness, developmental and sociogenetic bases, in abusing smoking mixtures containing psychoactive substances, is inevitably disturbed. Dependence on smoking blends in teenagers causes disorder of social identity at the level of structural components, as well as at the level of structural organization. The study results revealed the criteria for social identity disorder due to dependence on smoking mixtures.