Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of ischemic stroke in young patients

The study of the characteristics of ischemic stroke in young patients seems relevant, since a detailed assessment of risk factors is necessary to improve prevention, and information on the anamnesis, clinical, instrumental and laboratory data is important for predicting disease outcomes.

Objective - to analyze risk factors, clinical and diagnostic characteristics, and hospital outcomes of ischemic stroke in young patients.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with ischemic stroke aged 18 to 45 years was performed. In the process of studying the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of ischemic stroke, the following were taken into account: gender and age of patients, socioeconomic status, bad habits and concomitant somatic pathology, results of instrumental and laboratory studies, features of distribution by subtypes, dynamics of neurological deficit according to the NIHSS, Rivermead, Rankin scales depending on the subtype. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed using the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, frequency and proportion (in %), Student's t-test.

Results. The study revealed reliable age, gender, and clinical diagnostic features of ischemic stroke in young patients: the largest number of cases was observed among men aged 35 to 45 years, the main risk factors were a sedentary lifestyle, chronic stress, smoking, hypertension, hyperfibrinogenemia, and dyslipidemia. Concomitant pathology was represented by existing and newly diagnosed cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Cryptogenic and lacunar subtypes of mild stroke in the internal carotid artery with motor impairments prevailed, with significantly significant criteria for a favorable rehabilitation prognosis.

Conclusion. The results of the study confirmed the importance of monitoring risk factors for ischemic stroke, primarily in men aged 35 to 45 years, the importance of timely detection, treatment and prevention of concomitant pathology, and an extended diagnostic search. Key words: ischemic stroke, young patients, risk factors, concomitant diseases, pathogenetic subtypes, medical rehabilitation.

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