Diagnostics of instability of complex living systems under the development of acute toxicological pathology

Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the information content of systemic homeokinesis shifts in relation to the clinic of cardiac syndrome against the background of the acute toxic effects of alcohol and toxic encephalopathy. 

Materials and methods. The study included 120 patients with the toxic effects of alcohol and encephalopathy in combination with alcoholic cardiomyopathy in half of the cases aged 40-55 years. The severity of alcoholic encephalopathy was characterized using a Rayton numerical sequence test. On the 1st day of hospitalization, echocardiography (EcoCG) and Holter cardiac rhythm monitoring were performed over a 24-hour period according to generally accepted methods. Systemic homeokinesis was evaluated using its one-parameter informational-entropic model, obtained on the basis of the analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of the cardiac rhythm. 

Results. Cardiac syndrome, of which was manifested by supraventricular extrasystole in 76%, was detected in 15% of patient without heart damage, but with the highest severity of encephalopathy. With cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia was present in all patients and ventricular extrasystole occurred 3.5 times more often. In 9% of cases, it was prognostically unfavorable. The analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of the entropy of the cardiac rhythm in both samples revealed that the integral value of the shifts of the criterion for the degree of randomness of its phase path reflects functional instability, which is significantly higher in individuals with cardiomyopathy and in cases with prognostically significant ventricular extrasystole. 

Conclusion. It was established that the presence of alcoholic cardiomyopathy against the background of the toxic effects of alcohol and encephalopathy is manifested by a significantly greater instability of systemic homeokinesis compared with the same urgent pathology, but without somatic heart damage. A quantitative assessment of the nonlinear dynamics of the entropy of cardiac rhythm in patients with a clinic of the toxic effects of alcohol, apparently, can be used as a marker for the possible development of complications, including prognostically unfavorable arrhythmias.