Modeling of hypertension during pregnancy in experimental studies on rats

Abstract

The literature review includes the data of modern experiments on the mechanisms of development of various gestational complications in rats. It is generally accepted that rats, similar to pregnant women, have the hemochorial type of placentation and 3-week gestation which is identical to the three trimesters of pregnancy. This allows studying the mechanisms of placental disorders more profoundly in experiments in the dynamics of ultra-short pregnancy, and justifying the methods of their prevention pathogenically. The necessity to evaluate morphological and functional changes of rat placenta is emphasized. It is noted that giant Kashchenko - Gofbauer cells or fetal placental macrophages are visualized in healthy pregnancy in rats, by analogy to pregnant women, and the presence of these cells indicates the proper function of the placenta. In experiments on rats, risk factors for placental disorders were studied in details; ways of prevention and correction were developed. Currently, the special attention is paid to pilot studies of pathogenetic mechanisms of developing gestational disorders in pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorders. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are used in experiments related to the study of the mechanisms of hypertension, as well as the aspects of developing metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia. This line of rats has the similar symptoms of primary hypertension in humans, while experimental modeling clarifies not only the pathogenesis of hypertension, but also the formation of the pathological state of the target organs. The possibility for a more detailed study of the mechanism of hypertensive disorders in the dynamics of pregnancy using rats of inbred lines, including spontaneously hypertensive and control - normotensive ones.