To the question of homology in the structural organization of bones of human limb proximal segments

Objective. The main aim of the research is to discover regularities and specific features of systemic structural organization of the human humeral and femoral bones according to the functions of extremities and their belonging to the side of the body. Materials and methods. By the classic osteometry with some authors’ modifications 35 anatomical structures on 308 of humerus and femur have been measured. All the bones had no pathological symptoms, with complete synostosis of epiphyses. To access the somatotype effect on the dimensions of human bone structures all the values obtained were normalized. As a unit for measurement normalization the transverse diameter of the shaft in the middle of the bone length was chosen. The values obtained were processed by the methods of factor analysis Maximum Maximum Likelihood Factor with rotation Equamax normalized, and four groups were generated according to the limb girdle and the side of the body. Results. The asymmetry of the structural organization of bones and vertical differentiation of their epiphyses are determined by the presence of unstable parameters. The asymmetry of the structural organization of the femur is more pronounced. Unstable parameters were found in the proximal epiphysis of the right femur - 4, in the distal epiphysis - 1; in the proximal epiphysis of the left femur - 1, in the distal epiphysis - 3. Unstable parameters of the proximal epiphysis of the right humerus made up 3, distal epiphysis - 2; in the structural organization of the epiphysis of the left humerus 6 unstable parameters were identified. Conclusion. The basis of the structural organization of the bone proximal segments of the human limbs regardless of belonging to the extremity or the side of the body is formed by anatomical objects which are responsible for conveying the power loads along the axis of the limb. Functional differentiation of human limbs is shown in the structural organization of both bones by asymmetric vertical differentiation of their epiphysis.

плечевая кость, бедренная кость, структурная организация, факторный анализ, humerus, femur, structural organization, factor analysis