Features of the structural organization of the alveolar arches of the jaws in young women

Objective - to identify the features of the structural organization of the bone tissue of the alveolar arches of the jaws in healthy females aged 18-25 under normal conditions. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on computed tomography (CT) scans of the oral cavity of 34 females aged 18-25 with a full dentition including the third molar, orthognathic permanent occlusion, and centric occlusion. Using onDemand3dCommunicator software, the following parameters were measured on reconstructed scans of the jaw images: the thickness of the vestibular and oral cortical plates, the thickness of the cancellous bone, the total thickness of the alveolar part of the mandible and the alveolar process of the maxilla at four reference points: at the level of the distal edge of the medial incisor, the canine, the first molar, and the third molar. Non-parametric statistical methods were used, including Spearman's correlation analysis. Results. The thickness of the alveolar process of the maxilla of the girls was significantly greater than the thickness of the alveolar part of the mandibula only at the level of the last molar tooth, while the thickness of the spongy substance of the upper jaw was significantly greater than that of the lower jaw at all reference points. The thickness of the compact bone tissue of the lower jaw was found to be greater, both from the vestibule and from the oral cavity itself. The analysis of the thickness of the compact bone tissue of the alveolar process of the upper jaw at the 1st to 4th reference point revealed a pattern of large values of OEVO (incisor - oral cortical plate, canine - equal, first molar - vestibular cortical plate, third molar - oral cortical plate), lower jaw OOVV (incisor - oral cortical plate, canine - the oral cortical plate, the first molar - vestibular cortical plate, the third molar - vestibular cortical plate). 11 correlation dependencies were revealed between the parameters of the upper and lower jaws. The most correlated parameters of the maxilla were the thickness of the cortical plate on the lingual side at the level of the first molar and at the level of the third molar on the vestibular side. They have connections with the thickness of the vestibular cortical plate at the level of the first molar of the lower jaw and with the thickness of the alveolar part of the lower jaw at the level of the medial incisor. Conclusion. A complex structural organization of the bone tissue of the alveolar parts of the girls' jaws was revealed, which is not always reflected by changes in the thickness of the compact and spongy bone tissue.

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