Features of the structural organization of the alveolar arches of the jaws in males aged 20-25 under normal conditions

Objective - to identify the features of the structural organization of the bone tissue of the alveolar arches of the jaws in healthy males aged 18-25 under normal conditions.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on computed tomography (CT) scans of the oral cavity of 32 males aged 18-25 with a full dentition including the third molar, orthognathic permanent occlusion, and centric occlusion. Using onDemand3dCommunicator software, the following parameters were measured on reconstructed scans of the jaw images: the thickness of the vestibular and oral cortical plates, the thickness of the cancellous bone, the total thickness of the alveolar part of the mandible and the alveolar process of the maxilla, the half-width of the palatine process, and the half-width of the maxilla and mandible at four reference points: at the level of the distal edge of the medial incisor, the canine, the first molar, and the third molar. Non-parametric statistical methods were used, including Spearman's correlation analysis.

Results. The thickness of the alveolar process of the maxilla was found to be significantly greater than the thickness of the alveolar part of the mandible at the 1st and 3rd reference points. At the level of the last molars, the alveolar part of the mandible was significantly thicker than the alveolar process of the maxilla. The thickness of the compact bone tissue of the jaws-the vestibular cortical plate on the mandible-increases towards the posterior (chewing) teeth. A statistically significant predominance of the thickness of the compact bone plate of the mandible over the maxilla was revealed on the oral side at the 1st, 3rd, and 4th reference points, and on the vestibular side at the 3rd and 4th reference points. The structural organization of the alveolar sections of the jaws was found to be complex. The maximum number of correlations was identified between the thickness of the alveolar part of the mandible and its vestibular cortical plate with the studied parameters of the maxilla. Within the structure of the maxilla, the maximum number of significant correlations was found for the thickness of the vestibular cortical plate and the cancellous bone.

Conclusion. The correlation pattern indicates a mutual influence of the jaw parameters on each other and their greater interdependence at the level of the medial incisor and the last molar. In both cases, the vestibular cortical plate of the compact bone tissue was the most correlated parameter.

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