Cardiovascular toxicity induced by chemotherapy and target drugs: mechanisms, diagnostic and preventive approaches

The article aims at presenting the review of literature data concerning mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and preventive approaches for cardiovascular toxicity induced by chemotherapy and target drugs. The review is devoted to the currently important issue of cardiotoxicity with antineoplastic therapy. Modern cytostatic agents cause clinically significant myocardial damage, which definitely impair the quality of life and decrease the life expectancy in oncological patients. Compared to traditional chemotherapy, target cancer therapy is a new strategy which inhibits key molecules of signal pathways participating in carcinogenesis and tumor spread. Target cancer therapy is characterized by lesser unfavorable effects on normal cells and considered the future of chemotherapy. However, cardiovascular toxicity induced by target cancer therapy sometimes becomes a critical issue in patients administered novel antineoplastic agents. Cardiac oncology is a new sphere of medicine which comes under scrutiny of experts despite the fact that many mechanisms of cardiovascular complications for the antineoplastic therapy have not been thoroughly studied. The current review presents the state-of-the-art information concerning mechanisms, diagnostic and monitoring problems for cardiovascular safety, a contemporary view of preventing cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy and target drugs.

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