Multivariate analysis in the immune system evaluation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

Abstract

Objective. The paper analyzes the immunological parameters to identify their hidden relationships and informativeness by multivariate analysis in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis taking into account gender differences.

Materials and methods. The immune status of 112 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis was examined. The number of eosinophils, the phenotype of lymphocytes (CD3⁺CD4⁺; CD3⁺CD8⁺; CD3^-CD19⁺), the concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ), antimicrobial peptide - α-defensin (HNP1-3), and serum immunoglobulin E was investigated. The principal components were analyzed.

Results. The results obtained enabled to identify the most important principal components of immunological parameters, taking into account the magnitude of the correlation coefficients in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The role of various immunity indicators and their contribution to the immune system functioning was studied considering gender differences. In women in the first complex, CD4 (r = -0.75), CD19 (r = -0.70) have the greatest influence, in the second one - Ig E (r = 0.73) and blood eosinophils (r = 0.78). In men in the first complex, a high contribution was made by the serum Ig E concentration (r = 0.87) and the blood eosinophils number (r = 0.82). The high contribution of the serum IL 10 level (r = 0.72) in women is reflected in the fifth complex, where the age was the most significant for men (r = 0.82).

Conclusion. The multivariate analysis method using confirms the possibility of revealing hidden relationships between the studied parameters. The detection of connected combinations between immunological parameters creates the main complexes, taking into account their contribution to the general characteristics of the immune system in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.