Development of a method for creating and evaluating the effectiveness of combinations of biopolymer and mineral enterosorbents for removing excess metals from the human body

Objective - to find optimal combinations of biopolymer and mineral enterosorbents capable of the most effective and selective removal of excess metals from the body of residents of large cities. The article is devoted to the development of a method for combining, with an assessment of the effectiveness of the most common biopolymer and mineral enterosorbents. One of the objectives of the experiment was to model the conditions of the internal environment of the human body, under which enterosorption occurs, for a more adequate assessment of the sorption capacity of the obtained combinations of enterosorbents in relation to a number of the most common essential and toxic metals.

Materials and methods. To model the complex composition of the internal environment of the body, whey was used, which is a multicomponent matrix consisting of water with minerals dissolved in it and an organic fraction (proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins). Dioctahedral smectite (Smecta), finely dispersed silicon dioxide (Polysorb MP), granulated zeolite (Zeo Detox), and activated carbon were used as mineral enterosorbents to create combinations. Chitosan and Mikoton were used from biopolymer enterosorbents to create combinations. Model solutions of salts of the most common metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, Zn) were prepared by appropriate dilution of standard samples of metals in whey.

Results. The possibility of using whey to simulate the liquid phase in which sorption processes occur in the body is shown. The results of assessing the sorption capacity and sorption efficiency of various combinations of enterosorbents are presented. The most effective combinations are proposed that promote the selective removal of excess metals from the body. Thus, the combination of "Zeolite + activated carbon" is more suitable for long-term regular use for the purpose of selective removal of metals from the body during their chronic oral intake. In acute poisoning, combinations of enterosorbents are more effective - "Smecta + Mikoton + Chitosan" or "Polysorb + Mikoton + Chitosan".

Conclusion. The composite sorbent based on zeolite and activated carbon showed a relatively high absolute efficiency compared to other composites based on mineral enterosorbents - Smecta and Polysorb. At the same time, it has high selectivity, which, in combination with low hydrophilicity, is optimal for regular use in conditions of polymetallic pollution in large cities.

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