Biologically active compounds of leaves and fruits of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) and their role in the manifestation of antimicrobial activity

Objective - study of the antibacterial activity of extracts from leaves and fruits of staghorn sumac.

Materials and methods. Extraction of leaves and fruits of staghorn sumac harvested in the Botanical Garden of the Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, leaves - June 2023; fruits - end of October 2022. Determination of the main groups of biologically active compounds was carried out: tannins by the Folin-Chocalteu method, flavonoids and anthocyanins by spectrophotometry, organic acids and ascorbic acid by titration. To establish the antimicrobial activity of the studied extracts, eight clinical test strains were used. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by diffusion into agar. Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to the extractions under study using the "well" method.

Results. For staghorn sumac leaves, the dominant groups of bioactive compounds are tannins and flavonoids. The fruit has a lower content of tannins, but there is a high content of organic acids and anthocyanins. Screening studies have shown that extracts from the leaves and fruits of staghorn sumac have a pronounced antibacterial activity. Growth inhibition zones for all studied strains were more than 10 mm (from 13 mm to 30 mm), which characterizes their activity as high.

Conclusion. Antimicrobial activity against the most common pathogens of infectious diseases has been established: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. The obtained chemical, analytical and biological data allow us to consider extracts from the leaves and fruits of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) as potential antimicrobial agents.

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