Technology for obtaining aqueous extracts from pre-treated dandelion roots

Objective - to study the effect of preliminary heat pre-treatment, defatting and their combinations on aqueous extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) from dandelion roots during the preparation of infusions, decoctions and teas. Materials and methods. The object of the study was dandelion roots. The HCA content was determined spectrophotometrically by the reaction with Arnov's reagent. To obtain infusions and decoctions, the effect of the infusion mode and the preparation method on the release of HCA into water was studied. When obtaining teas - the ratio of medicinal plant raw materials and water, the material of the brewing container, the duration of brewing in a closed container and in a thermos, the presence and parameters of filter bags and the frequency of brewing. Preliminary processing of medicinal plant raw materials by heat pre-treatment, degfatting and their combination was used. Results. When obtaining infusions and decoctions, the maximum content of YCF was noted when obtaining a decoction according to the instructions for medical use with a combination of heat pre-treatment and subsequent degreasing. When obtaining teas, the following technological parameters were revealed: the ratio of medicinal plant raw materials and water (g to ml) - 1 to 50; brewing container - glass or enamel; duration of brewing in a closed container - 30 min, in a thermos - from 3 to 6 hours; brewing frequency - single; without a filter bag. The highest content of HCA in teas was achieved with a combination of defatting and subsequent heat re-treatment. An increase in polyphenol oxidase activity during the production of aqueous extracts was usually accompanied by a decrease in the content of HCA. The content of HCA during the production of decoction and tea in a container is comparable, in a thermos it is almost twice as high, and during daily infusion it is 2.5 or more times lower. Conclusion. When producing a decoction, it is recommended to use raw material processing by a combination of heat pre-treatment followed by defatting; when producing tea, by a combination of defatting followed by heat pre-treatment.

1. Kurs I.L. Analysis of the range of herbal medicines registered in the Republic of Belarus. Vestnik Vitebskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta. 2023;22(4):105-121 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.22263/2312-4156.2023.4.105. EDN: BXIZSG.

2. State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus: in 2 volumes. Volume 1: General methods of quality control of medicines. Molodechno: Pobeda, 2012. 1220 p. (in Russ.)

3. Sineva T.D., Zhohova E.V., Pelyushkevich A.V. Technological features of aqueous extracts from medicinal plant raw materials used in pediatric practice. Farmatsiya. 2016;63(7):41-45 (in Russ.). EDN: WXQAWB.

4. Lukashou R.I. Defatting calendula flowers as a way to increase flavonoid extraction. Bulletin of Pharmacy. 2022;1(95):48-56 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.52540/2074-9457.2022.1.48. EDN: LVPKJW.

5. Lukashou R.I., Gurina N.S. Effect of Echinacea purpurea Herb Defatting on the Extraction of Hydroxycinnamic Acids. Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation. 2024;14(2): 207-216 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.30895/1991-2919-2024-14-2-207-216. EDN: NPQRNV.

6. Aznagulova A.V., Kurkin V.A., Ryzhov V.M., Tarasenko L.V. Anatomical and morphological study of the aerial part of Dandelion officinalis (Тaraxacum officinale Wigg.). Meditsinskiy al'manakh. 2014;3(33):173-179 (in Russ.). EDN: SQVFHR.

7. State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus: in 2 volumes. Vol. 2: Quality control of substances for pharmaceutical use and medicinal plant raw materials. Molodechno: Pobeda, 2016. 1368 p. (in Russ.)

8. Yarnell E., Abasca K. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale and T. mongolicum).Integrative Medicine. 2019;8(2):35-38.

9. Lukashenya V.V., Lukashov R.I. Review of the market of herbal preparations based on dandelion in the Eurasian Economic Union and the Republic of Belarus. Fundamental'naya nauka v sovremennoj medicine. 2020:301-305 (in Russ.)

10. Evstafev S.N.1, Tiguntseva N.P. Biologically active substances of dandelion taraxacum officinale wigg. (review). Proceedings of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology. 2014;1(6):18-29 (in Russ.). EDN: SADNOV

11. Community herbal monograph on Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wigg., radix cum herba. European Medicinal Agency. URL: https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-taraxacum-officinale-weber-ex-wigg-radix-cum-herba_en.pdf.

12. Xue Y., Zhang S., Du M., Zhu M.-Z. Dandelion extract suppresses reactive oxidative species and inflammasome in intestinal epithelial cells. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017;29:10-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.032.

13. Fatima T., Bashir O., Naseer B., Hussain S.Z. Dandelion: Phytochemistry and clinical potential. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 2018;26(2):198-202.

14. Popescu M.-L., Dinu M., Ursache D.D. Contributions to the pharmacognostical and phytobiological study on taraxacum officinale (l.) Weber. Farmacia. 2010;58(5):646-653.

15. Stylianou N., Gekas V., Istudor V., Ioniţă C. Research regarding taraxacum officinale (l.) Weber with the intention of therapeutic exploring. Note i. Studies of phenolcarboxylic acids. Farmacia. 2014;62(2):358-365.

16. Paduret S., Amariei S., Gutt G., Piscuc B. The Evaluation of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Properties as a Valuable Food Ingredient. Romanian Biotechnological Letters. 2016;21(3):11569-11575.

17. Petkova N., Ivanov I., Topchieva S., Denev P., Pavlov A. Biologically active substances and in vitro antioxidant activity of different extracts from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) roots. Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies. 2015;19:190-197. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2500.6563

18. Determination of the water absorption coefficient and the consumption coefficient of medicinal plant raw materials: General Pharmacopoeial Article. Moscow: FGBU «NCESMP», 2024. (in Russ.). URL: https://pharmacopoeia.ru/ofs-1-5-3-0012-15-opredelenie-koeffitsienta-vodopogloshheniya-i-rashodnogo-koeffitsienta-lekarstvennogo-rastitelnogo-syrya/

19. State Register of Medicines of the Republic of Belarus. Minsk: UP «Tsentr ekspertiz i ispytaniy v zdravookhranenii», 2024 (in Russ.). URL: https://www.rceth.by

20. Mazets Zh.E. Sudeynaya S.V., Gritskevich E.R. Workshop on plant physiology. Part 2. Minsk, 2010. 71 p. (in Russ.)