Stimulation of proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of osteogenic precursors as pharmacological effects of resveratrol in hypoestrogenism-induced osteoporosis: structural and functional manifestations and possible mechanisms

Objective - investigation of changes in the microstructure and mineral density of the proximal parts of the femur (head, neck) and tibia in experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis and its therapy with resveratrol and analysis of their possible mechanisms. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 15 female Wistar rats. A model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was created by bilateral ovariectomy with a follow-up period of 56 days. Resveratrol therapy in the experimental group was performed by its daily intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 2 mg / kg during the same observation period. Histological examination with image analysis and morphometry, absorption X-ray densitometry of the proximal epiphysis of the femur and proximal half of the tibia were performed. Results. Bilateral ovariectomy in experimental animals - Wistar rats, leads after 8 weeks to a complex of structural changes in the proximal parts of the femur and tibia and a decrease in bone mineral density in them, which can be extrapolated to osteoporotic skeletal damage in humans. Resveratrol at a dose of 2 mg/kg has osteoprotective and regenerative effects in experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis. Conclusion. Resveratrol at a dose of 2 mg/kg has a cytoprotective effect for osteocytes and osteogenic progenitor cells, exhibits a proliferative and osteoblastic committal effect on bone marrow stromal precursors, inhibiting the adipocytic differentiation pathway and thereby providing an anti-osteoporotic effect in hypoestrogenism. Based on comparisons with literature data, the key factor realizing the effects of resveratrol is most likely the sirt1 protein.

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