К вопросу о механизмах повышения проницаемости стенки кишечника при стрессе

Одним из проявлений стрессорной реакции в толстой кишке является повышение проницаемости ее стенки вследствие развития воспалительной реакции на фоне изменения нейроэндокринной регуляции и состояния микробиоты. Данные процессы сопровождаются существенными изменениями гуморального гомеостаза и активности клеток, участвующих в развитии воспалительной реакции в стенке толстой кишки. Нами был выполнен обзор литературы, целью которого были анализ и обобщение имеющихся данных исследований о механизмах реализации стресс-индуцированных изменений в кишечнике на молекулярном, клеточном и тканевом уровнях с участием регуляторных систем организма. Поиск научной информации проводили в базах данных Web Of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline, Российском индексе научного цитирования (РИНЦ), а также в поисковых системах Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Wiley Online Library и Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE). Показано, что проницаемость стенки имеет достаточно сложную регуляцию с участием кортикотропин-рилизинг фактора, тучных и дендритных клеток, эозинофилов, макрофагов, субстанции Р, фактора роста нервов, нейротензина, метаболических факторов микробиоты (серотонина, короткоцепочечных жирных кислот, производных индола и конъюгированных жирных кислот), эпигенетических механизмов, оси HES1 (Hairy/Enhancer of Split-1) - GR (глюкокортикоидный рецептор), а также стресс-ассоциированного сигнального пути полярности. При стрессе происходит изменение функционирования данных механизмов, приводящее к повышению проницаемости кишечной стенки. При этом происходит транслокация бактерий из просвета в нижележащие слои, что обусловливает активацию иммунного ответа с последующим развитием воспалительной реакции. Представленные данные свидетельствуют о перспективности и обоснованности разработки методов коррекции стресс-индуцированных сдвигов в толстой кишке путем воздействия на центральные и местные механизмы реализации стрессорной реакции и состояние микробиоты.

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