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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2020-2/10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфология тромбоцитов новорожденных детей по данным электронной микроскопии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphology of platelets of newborns by using electron microscopy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-6944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьев</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leontyev</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры морфологии и патологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-Graduate Student of Morphology and Pathology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miwa_leontev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-9089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пылаев</surname><given-names>Тимофей Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylaev</surname><given-names>Timofey E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biological Sciences, Researcher, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pylaevte@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-4480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поливода</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polivoda</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>науч. сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@ibppm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3067-3754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буров</surname><given-names>Андрей Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burov</surname><given-names>Andrey M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, ведущий инженер лаборатории иммунохимии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Chemical Sciences, Leading Engineer, Laboratory of Immunochemistry</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guliy_olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-1958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leontyeva</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anesthesiologist-Resuscitologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zobeida2007@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-0230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масляков</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslyakov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. кафедрой клинической медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DM, Professor, Head of Clinical Medicine Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maslyakov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-9699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petjjjjj@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical University “Reaviz”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинический перинатальный центр Саратовской области</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Perinatal Center of Saratov Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леонтьев М.А., Пылаев Т.Е., Поливода Е.А., Буров А.М., Леонтьева А.В., Масляков В.В., Водова А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонтьев М.А., Пылаев Т.Е., Поливода Е.А., Буров А.М., Леонтьева А.В., Масляков В.В., Водова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leontyev M.A., Pylaev T.E., Polivoda E.A., Burov A.M., Leontyeva A.V., Maslyakov V.V., Vodova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/833">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/833</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить морфологические особенности тромбоцитов новорожденных детей при помощи электронной микроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучались тромбоциты периферической крови здоровых новорожденных методом трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии (ТЭМ). В выборку вошли 50 здоровых детей из клинического перинатального центра Саратовской области, родившихся на сроке гестации 37-42 недели с оценкой по шкале В. Апгар (1952) на первой минуте не менее 7 баллов. После забора крови получали богатую тромбоцитами плазму (БТП) путем центрифугирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования были выявлены три формы тромбоцитов: 1. Неактивные, округлой или чаще овальной формы, в которых различимы практически все внутриклеточные структуры, характерные для тромбоцитов; 2. Активированные формы, имеющие длинные отростки (псевдоподии) и обычно не содержащие гранул; 3. Переходные формы - по-видимому, тромбоциты на начальных стадиях активации: в них происходит расширение элементов открытой канальцевой системы (ОКС), что приводит к образованию вакуолей. Однако у них еще нет выраженной перестройки цитоскелета и, соответственно, длинных отростков и значимого изменения формы. Тромбоциты новорожденных гетерогенны по морфофункциональному состоянию: большинство представлено неактивными формами 82(80-85)%, меньшая часть включает активированные 15(13-17)% и переходные формы 3(2-4)%. Тромбоцитарные микрочастицы (ТМ) являются производными тромбоцитов и также различаются по размеру и структуре. Они могут быть представлены простыми везикулами без внутреннего содержимого, а могут иметь секреторные гранулы, участвующие в передаче сигнальной информации другим тромбоцитам и эндотелиальным клеткам. В нашем исследовании было обнаружено несколько механизмов образования и отделения ТМ от "тромбоцитов-предшественников", но их смысл еще до конца не понят и требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Продемонстрирована неоднородность популяции тромбоцитов новорожденных, связанная с их морфофункциональным состоянием, для удобства описания выделено три морфологических класса тромбоцитов. Сформулировано предположение о возможных механизмах образования ТМ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective - to study the morphological features of platelets of newborns by using electron microscopy.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Peripheral blood platelets of healthy newborns were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method. The sample included 50 healthy babies from the Clinical Perinatal Center of Saratov region born at a gestational age of 37-42 weeks with an assessment on the Apgar scale (1952) at the first minute of at least 7 points. After blood sampling, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained by centrifugation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the study, 3 forms of platelets were identified: 1. Inactive ones, rounded or more often oval-shaped, in which it is possible to see almost all intracellular structures being typical for platelets; 2. Activated forms that have long processes (pseudopods) and usually have no granules; 3. Transitional forms - apparently, platelets at the initial stages of activation: elements of their open tubular system are already expanding, and this leads to the appearance of vacuoles. However, they do not yet have a distinct rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, and, accordingly, long processes and a significant change in shape. Platelets of newborns are heterogeneous in morphofunctional state: most of them are represented by inactive forms 82(80-85)%, the smaller part includes activated 15(13-17)% and transitional forms 3(2-4)%. Platelet microparticles (PM) are platelet derivatives and are also variable in size and structure. They can be represented by simple vesicles without internal contents, or they can have secretory granules involved in the transmission of signaling information to other platelets and endothelial cells. In our study, several mechanisms of formation and separation of PM from “precursor platelets” were discovered, but their meaning is not yet fully understood and requires further study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the platelet population of newborns associated with their morphofunctional state. For convenience of description, three morphological classes of platelets have been devised. The hypothesis about possible mechanisms of PM formation has been formulated.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоциты</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>platelets</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>transmission electron microscopy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponomareva A.A., Nevzorova T.A., Mordakhanova E.R., Andrianova I.A., Litvinov R.I. Structural characterization of platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles. Cell and tissue biology. 2016;58(2):105-114 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomareva A.A., Nevzorova T.A., Mordakhanova E.R., Andrianova I.A., Litvinov R.I. Structural characterization of platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles. 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