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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2020-1/06</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенез нейродегенеративной патологии и новые концепции транспортно-метаболических систем головного мозга и глаза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative pathology and new concepts of transport and metabolic systems of the brain and eye</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-8416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Должиков</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolzhikov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DM, Professor, Professor of Department of Human Anatomy and Histology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolzhikov@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-2599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобынцев</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobyntsev</surname><given-names>Igor’ I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патофизиологии, директор НИИ общей патологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DM, Professor, Head of Department of Pathophysiology, Head of Research Institute of General Pathology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bobig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-2104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белых</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belykh</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры патофизиологии, ст. науч. сотрудник НИИ общей патологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathophysiology Department, Senior Researcher of Research Institute of General Pathology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.e.belykh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-6022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>Ol’ga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры иммунологии, аллергологии и фтизиопульмонологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Physician of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Phthysiopulmonology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolzhikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-8946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Победа</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pobeda</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Associate Professor of Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pobeda@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-2959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Должикова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolzhikova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии и клинической фармакологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Associate Professor of Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolzhikova@dsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-118X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бибик</surname><given-names>Павел Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bibik</surname><given-names>Pavel I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pahan444tt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Должиков А.А., Бобынцев И.И., Белых А.Е., Шевченко О.А., Победа А.С., Должикова И.Н., Бибик П.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Должиков А.А., Бобынцев И.И., Белых А.Е., Шевченко О.А., Победа А.С., Должикова И.Н., Бибик П.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolzhikov A.A., Bobyntsev I.I., Belykh A.E., Shevchenko O.A., Pobeda A.S., Dolzhikova I.N., Bibik P.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/811">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/811</self-uri><abstract><p>Нейродегенеративные заболевания головного мозга и органа зрения имеют высокую медицинскую и социально-экономическую значимость. Лидирующие среди них - болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) и глаукома обладают сходством эпидемиологических характеристик, общими молекулярными механизмами пато- и морфогенеза. В пользу патогенетической связи между глаукомой и БА свидетельствует ряд фактов: их частая сочетанность; истончение слоя нервных волокон сетчатки как у пациентов с рядом нейродегенеративных заболеваний, так и у больных глаукомой; возможность транспорта нейротоксических метаболитов в системе «головной мозг - глаз»; амилоидные отложения в сетчатке у больных БА, а также образование нейротоксических форм амилоида в головке зрительного нерва при внутриглазной гипертензии, депозиты β-амилоида и белка Tau в латеральных коленчатых телах в модели бинокулярной глаукомы; снижение когнитивных функций у больных глаукомой и др. Указанные факты согласуются с современной концепцией «глимфатической системы» (ГЛС), давшей старт новому этапу изучения патогенеза нейродегенерации. ГЛС представляет собой совокупность образований, обеспечивающих обмен ликвора между головным мозгом и глазом, и включает ряд околососудистых пространств: параваскулярных (между пиально-адвентициальной оболочкой сосудов и пограничной глиальной мембраной) и периваскулярных (между пиальной оболочкой и адвентицией артерий и артериол, а также между медией сосудов и общей пиально-адвентициальной оболочкой). При этом важным фактором, определяющим глимфатический транспорт, является состояние артериального и венозного кровотока, что также успешно соотносится с основными теориями патогенеза глаукомы. В обзоре представлены данные литературы о связи между церебральной и окулярной нейродегенерацией, патогенезе глаукомы, структурных и функциональных особенностях глимфатической системы, возможных фармакотерапевтических подходах и нейропротекции при нейродегенеративной патологии и глаукоме.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurodegenerative diseases of the brain and eyes have high medical and socio-economic significance. The leading among them - Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glaucoma share similar epidemiological characteristics, common molecular mechanisms of patho- and morphogenesis. A number of facts testify in favor of the pathogenetic relationship between glaucoma and AD: their frequent combination; thinning of the layer of nerve fibers of the retina both in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and in patients with glaucoma; the possibility of transporting neurotoxic metabolites in the brain-eye system; amyloid deposits in the retina in patients with AD, as well as the formation of neurotoxic forms of amyloid in the head of the optic nerve with intraocular hypertension, deposits of β-amyloid and tau protein in the lateral geniculate bodies in the binocular glaucoma model; reduction in cognitive functions in glaucoma patients, etc. These facts are consistent with the modern concept of the "glymphatic system" (GLS), which gave rise to a new stage of studying the neurodegeneration pathogenesis. GLS is a set of formations ensuring liquor exchange between the brain and the eye, and includes a number of spaces near the vessels: paravascular (between the vascular pial-adventitia sheath and the glial limiting membrane) and perivascular (between the pial sheath and the adventitia of arteries and arterioles, as well as between the vascular tunica media and the common pial-adventitia sheath). An important factor determining the glymphatic transport is the state of arterial and venous blood flow, which also successfully correlates with the basic theories of glaucoma pathogenesis. The review presents literature data on the relationship between cerebral and ocular neurodegeneration, pathogenesis of glaucoma, structural and functional features of the glymphatic system, possible pharmacotherapeutic approaches and neuroprotection for neurodegenerative pathology and glaucoma.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>амилоид</kwd><kwd>глимфатическая система.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>amyloid</kwd><kwd>glymphatic system.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аветисов С.Э., Еричев В.П., Яременко Т.В. Обоснование нейропротекции при глаукоме. Национальный журнал глаукома. 2019.18(1):85-94. 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