References

kurskvest

Человек и его здоровье

Humans and their health

1998-57461998-5754

Kursk State Medical University

10.21626/vestnik/2017-2/17

kurskvest-210

Research Article

МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ

MEDICOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Стресс, кортикостероидные повреждения гиппокампа и нервно-психическая патология

Stress, corticosteroid damage of hippocampus and neuropsychological pathology

Должиков

А. А.

Dolzhikov

A. A.

noemail@neicon.ru

Бобынцев

И. И.

Bobyntsev

I. I.

noemail@neicon.ru

Белых

А. Е.

Belykh

A. E.

noemail@neicon.ru

Должикова

И. Н.

Dolzhikova

I. N.

noemail@neicon.ru

Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияBelgorod State National Research UniversityRussian Federation

Курский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKursk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2017

15122017

0298105

2017

Должиков А.А., Бобынцев И.И., Белых А.Е., Должикова И.Н.

Dolzhikov A.A., Bobyntsev I.I., Belykh A.E., Dolzhikova I.N.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/210

В обзоре представлен анализ литературных данных, относящихся к проблеме роли стресс-индуцированного увеличения секреции кортикостероидов в повреждении гиппокампа у грызунов и приматов. Гиппокампальная атрофия, индуцированная кортикостероидами, может играть важную роль в патогенезе широкого спектра нейропсихиатрических расстройств. Гиппокамп необходим для консолидации кратковременной памяти и регуляции гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой оси (ГГН). Признаки гиппокампальных повреждений (дисрегуляция ГГН в сочетании с мнестическими нарушениями) обнаруживаются при аффективных расстройствах, болезни Альцгеймера и посттравматических расстройствах. МРТ волюметрия демонстрирует уменьшенный объем гиппокампа при этих расстройствах. Рассмотрено доказательство «глюкокортикоидной гипотезы» психиатрической патологии. Обсуждаются нерешенные вопросы относительно хронологических аспектов нейродегенерации, причинности, обратимости, типов повреждений, факторов повышения повреждаемости гиппокампа, а также фармакологических (КТРГ-антагонисты, антиглюкокортикоидные препараты, ГАМК-эргические, серотонинергические, глютаматергические агенты) и нефармакологических (психотерапия) подходов к лечению.

The review presents a literature data review concerning the role of stress-induced elevation of corticosteroid secretion in the damage of hippocampus in rodents and primates. Hippocampal atrophy induced by corticosteroids may play an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Hippocampus is necessary for short-term memory consolidation and HPA axis regulation. Signs of hippocampal damage (HPA dysregulation in combination with memory impairment) are found in affective disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, and in posttraumatic stress disorder. MRI volumetry reveals reduced hippocampal volume in these diseases. The evidence supporting the “glucocorticoid hypothesis” of psychiatric disorders is considered. The unresolved questions concerning temporary aspects of neurodegeneration, causality, reversibility, damage types, factors increasing hippocampal vulnerability, and both pharmacological (CRH antagonists, antiglucocorticoid drugs, GABA-ergic, serotoninergic, glutamatergic agents) and nonpharmacological (psychotherapy) treatment approaches are also under discussion.

иппокампстресскортикостероидыаффективные расстройствадепрессияhippocampusstresscorticosteroidsaffective disordersdepression

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.