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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2026-2/09</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TYUCQV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1575</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антибактериальные свойства поверхностно-активных молекул бактерий рода Lactobacillus (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibacterial properties of surface-active molecules of microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-0765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байракова</surname><given-names>Александра Львовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayrakova</surname><given-names>Alexandra L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>вед. науч. сотрудник Исследовательского центра по изучению бактериальной инфекции, МННИЭМ им. Г.Н. Габричевского, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading research scientist, research center for the study of bacterial infection, G.N. Gabrichevsky MRIEM, Moscow, Russia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexandrabl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1843-4754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>науч. сотрудник, руководитель Исследовательского центра пробиотических препаратов, МНИИЭМ им. Г.Н. Габричевского, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research scientist, Head of the Research Center for Probiotic Preparations, G.N. Gabrichevsky MRIEM, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubkova@gabrich.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-5230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Андрей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Andrey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотрудник Исследовательского центра по изучению дифтерии, коклюша и столбняка, МННИЭМ им. Г.Н. Габричевского, г. Москва; профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики и патологической анатомии Академии постдипломного образования, ФНКЦ, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, chief research scientist at the research center for the study of diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus, G.N. Gabrichevsky MRIEM, Moscow, Russia; Professor at the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Pathological Anatomy, Academy of Postgraduate Education, FSCC, Moscow, Russia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andy.60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского (МНИИЭМ им. Г.Н. Габричевского)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute for epidemiology and microbiology (G.N. Gabrichevsky MRIEM)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского (МНИИЭМ им. Г.Н. Габричевского);&#13;
Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий (ФНКЦ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute for epidemiology and microbiology (G.N. Gabrichevsky MRIEM);&#13;
Federal Scientific and Clinical Center (FSCC)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Байракова А.Л., Зубкова Е.С., Миронов А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байракова А.Л., Зубкова Е.С., Миронов А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bayrakova A.L., Zubkova E.S., Mironov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1575">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1575</self-uri><abstract><p>Данный обзор посвящен анализу биологической роли и терапевтического потенциала трех ключевых компонентов клеточной стенки и метаболитов микроорганизмов рода Lactobacillus : экзополисахаридов (EPS), биосурфактантов (BS) и липотейхоевых кислот (LTA). Род Lactobacillus , обладающий статусом GRAS (общепризнанной безопасности), широко применяется в медицине и пищевой промышленности благодаря своим пробиотическим свойствам, однако механизмы его защитного действия до сих пор активно изучаются. В работе систематизированы данные о функциональных свойствах EPS, которые демонстрируют широкий спектр активности: от антиоксидантной и противоопухолевой до иммуномодулирующей и антибиопленочной. Показано, что EPS различных штаммов эффективны против Helicobacter pylori , ротавирусов и ряда грамотрицательных патогенов, подавляют факторы вирулентности, такие как виолацеин и пиоцианин. Особо подчеркивается, что функциональность EPS критически зависит от условий культивирования и молекулярной массы. Второй компонент - биосурфактанты - представляют собой амфифильные соединения, обладающие выраженной антиадгезивной и антимикробной активностью. Согласно приведенным данным, BS эффективно снижают биопленкообразование таких патогенов, как Candida albicans , Staphylococcus aureus и Streptococcus mutans , а также проявляют противовирусную активность в отношении вируса Эпштейна-Барр. Третий компонент, липотейхоевая кислота, играет ключевую роль в иммуномодуляции, подавляя провоспалительные цитокины, и препятствует адгезии кариесогенных бактерий и энтеротоксигенной E. coli . В заключение сделан вывод, что EPS, BS и LTA являются перспективными агентами для создания новых антибиопленочных и терапевтических средств. Однако отмечается, что многие исследования проведены in vitro и не полностью отражают условия in vivo , что требует дальнейшего изучения для расширения сфер применения лактобацилл в медицине и биотехнологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review analyzes the biological role and therapeutic potential of three key cell wall components and metabolites of Lactobacillus bacteria: exopolysaccharides (EPS), biosurfactants (BS), and lipoteichoic acids (LTA). The Lactobacillus genus, which has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status, is widely used in medicine and the food industry for its probiotic properties, but the mechanisms of its protective action are still being actively studied. This paper systematizes data on the functional properties of EPS, which demonstrate a wide range of activity: from antioxidant and antitumor to immunomodulatory and antibiofilm. EPS from various strains is shown to be effective against Helicobacter pylori , rotaviruses, and a number of Gram-negative pathogens, suppressing virulence factors such as violacein and pyocyanin. It is emphasized that EPS functionality is critically dependent on culture conditions and molecular weight. The second component, biosurfactants, are amphiphilic compounds with pronounced anti-adhesive and antimicrobial activity. According to the presented data, BS effectively reduce the biofilm formation of pathogens such as Candida albicans , Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus mutans , and also exhibit antiviral activity against the Epstein-Barr virus. The third component, lipoteichoic acid, plays a key role in immunomodulation by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria and enterotoxigenic E. coli . In conclusion, EPS, BS, and LTA are promising agents for the development of new anti-biofilm and therapeutic agents. However, it is noted that many studies were conducted in vitro and do not fully reflect in vivo conditions, requiring further investigation to expand the applications of lactobacilli in medicine and biotechnology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>поверхностно-активные молекулы</kwd><kwd>экзополисахариды (EPS)</kwd><kwd>биосурфактанты (BS)</kwd><kwd>липотейхоевые кислоты (LTА)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>surface-active molecules</kwd><kwd>exopolysaccharides (EPS)  ◆  biosurfactants (BS)</kwd><kwd>lipoteichoic acids (LTA)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernardeau M., Vernoux J.P., Henri-Dubernet S., Guéguen M. Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: the Lactobacillus genus.Int J Food Microbiol. 2008;126(3):278-285. 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