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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KLNSZI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: современные парадигмы (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: modern paradigms (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-3093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещерина</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshcherina</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, проректор по медицинской деятельности и развитию регионального здравоохранения, зав. кафедрой внутренних болезней № 1, КГМУ, г. Курск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Medical Activities and Regional Health Development, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases No. 1, KSMU, Kursk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshherinans@kursksmu.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-7501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степченко</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepchenko</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней № 1, КГМУ, г. Курск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, KSMU, Kursk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clemenso@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-322X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хардикова</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khardikova</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней № 1, КГМУ, г. Курск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal Diseases No. 1, KSMU, Kursk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rx-elena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-9341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степченко</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepchenko</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней Института непрерывного образования, КГМУ, г. Курск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Internal Diseases, Institute of Continuing Education, KSMU, Kursk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepchenkoaa@kursksmu.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Курский государственный медицинский университет (КГМУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University (KSMU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мещерина Н.С., Степченко М.А., Хардикова Е.М., Степченко А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мещерина Н.С., Степченко М.А., Хардикова Е.М., Степченко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshcherina N.S., Stepchenko M.A., Khardikova E.M., Stepchenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1489">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1489</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель - обобщить имеющиеся современные данные о роли факторов риска в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведены поиск и анализ источников в базах данных Pubmed, e-library и cyberleninka по ключевым словам: «факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», «risk factors for cardiovascular diseases», «артериальная гипертензия», «arterial hypertension», «ожирение», «obesity», «дислипидемия», «dyslipidemia», «курение», «smoking», «гиперурикемия», «hyperuricemia», «депрессия», «depression». Годы поиска - 2017-2025. В настоящий описательный обзор вошли обобщенные и систематизированные данные 87 источников: актуальных клинических исследований, отчетов, метаанализов и систематических обзоров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сохраняющаяся высокая смертность от кардиоваскулярных заболеваний определяет тенденцию к поиску способов ее минимализации. Определено, что возможность воздействия на факторы риска способна в дальнейшем предотвратить до 80% преждевременных смертей и бремени сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В данном обзоре проанализированы такие факторы риска, как пол, возраст, артериальная гипертензия, дислипидемия, повышенный индекс массы тела, эндокринные заболевания, нарушение сна, курение, ментальные заболевания и их вклад в развитие сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Показано, что у лиц женского пола наиболее часто встречаются расстройства психоэмоциональной сферы, повышенный индекс массы тела, артериальная гипертензия, дислипидемия, а для мужчин факторами риска чаще являются курение и низкий уровень липопротеинов низкой плотности. Развитие сердечно-сосудистой патологии находится в прямой зависимости от возраста обследуемых. Наличие артериальной гипертензии, депрессии, ожирения существенно ухудшает прогноз и влияет на показатели смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Курение вызывает изменения в сосудистой стенке, и, как следствие, атеросклероз. Курильщики имеют более высокий риск развития дислипидемии. Связь между сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и гиперурикемией заключается в проокислительном воздействии мочевой кислоты, развитии эндотелиальной дисфункции и локального воспаления, что, в свою очередь, способствует развитию артериолосклероза и утяжелению течения уже имеющихся сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Изучение факторов риска требует более пристального внимания в связи с необходимостью поиска способов влияния на них для снижения показателей смертности, заболеваемости и инвалидности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective - to summarize the available data on current views on the role of risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The search and analysis of sources in the Pubmed, e-library and cyberleninka databases were carried out by keywords: "risk factors for cardiovascular diseases", "arterial hypertension", "obesity", "dyslipidemia", "smoking", "hyperuricemia", "depression". The search years are 2017-2025. This descriptive review includes generalized and systematized data from 51 sources: current clinical trials, reports, and systematic reviews.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The continuing high mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases determines the tendency to find ways to minimize it. It has been determined that the possibility of influencing risk factors can further prevent up to 80% of premature deaths and the burden of cardiovascular diseases. This review analyzes risk factors such as gender, age, hypertension, dyslipidelia, elevated body mass index, smoking, mental illnesses, and their contribution to the development of cardiovascular complications. It has been shown that in women, psychoemotional disorders, increased body mass index, hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia are most common, and for men, smoking and low levels of low-density lipoproteins are more common risk factors. The development of cardiovascular pathology is directly dependent on the age of the subjects. The presence of hypertension, depression, and obesity significantly worsen the prognosis and affect mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases. Smoking causes changes in the vascular wall, and as a result, atherosclerosis. Smokers have a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia, the link between cardiovascular diseases and hyperuricemia lies in the oxidative effects of uric acid, the development of endothelial dysfunction and local inflammation, which in turn contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis and aggravation of the course of existing cardiovascular diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study of risk factors requires closer attention due to the need to find ways to influence them to reduce mortality, morbidity and disability.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>гиперурикемия</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk factors for cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>hyperuricemia</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flora G.D., Nayak M.K. A Brief Review of Cardiovascular Diseases, Associated Risk Factors and Current Treatment Regimes. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(38):4063-4084. 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