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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GSJANT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура неврологической патологии среди беременных женщин Смоленской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structure of neurological pathology among pregnant women in the Smolensk region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-5643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслова</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslova</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой неврологии и нейрохирургии, СГМУ, г. Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, SSMU, Smolensk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maslovasm@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-2354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухонцева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhontseva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-невролог Перинатального центра КБ № 1, г. Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Neurologist, Perinatal Center, Clinical Hospital No. 1, Smolensk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chukhontsevaes@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Смоленский государственный медицинский университет (СГМУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Smolensk State Medical University (SSMU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Клиническая больница № 1 (КБ № 1)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital No. 1 (CH No. 1)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маслова Н.Н., Чухонцева Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маслова Н.Н., Чухонцева Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maslova N.N., Chukhontseva E.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1487">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1487</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель - анализ структуры неврологической патологии у беременных женщин Смоленской области.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Ретроспективный анализ медицинских карт беременных, рожениц и родильниц, осмотренных неврологом по причине жалоб, характерных для неврологических расстройств, а также имеющихся неврологических заболеваний в анамнезе или дебютировавших в настоящую беременность за 2019 и 2023 гг. Годы наблюдения связаны с интересом к динамике развития неврологической заболеваемости беременных в постковидный период.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Общее число беременных пациенток с неврологическим диагнозом - 407 в 2019 году, что составило 8,1% от всех случаев госпитализаций в Перинатальный центр, в 2023 году - 431 случай (9,3%). В исследовании показана структура неврологической патологии: дорсопатии, первичные и вторичные головные боли, моно- и полинейропатии, эпилепсия, рассеянный склероз, вестибулопатии и другие. Выявлено статистически значимое уменьшение случаев постпункционных головных болей в 2023 году по сравнению с 2019 (p=0,032), при этом частота мигреней увеличилась (p=0,023). Рассмотрены возможные причины описанных изменений. Отмечается низкая заболеваемость тромбоэмболическими осложнениями беременности и родов (менее 1% случаев), что свидетельствует о грамотной организации профилактики данных осложнений в результате тщательного акушерско-терапевтического наблюдения во время беременности и своевременного родоразрешения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование демонстрирует структуру неврологической патологии среди беременных в регионе. Исходя из представленных данных, открываются ниши, требующие более глубоких знаний и понимания происходящих патологических процессов во время беременности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective - analysis of the structure of neurological pathology in pregnant women of the Smolensk region.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of pregnant women, women in labor and maternity patients examined by a neurologist due to complaints of neurological disorders characteristic of them, as well as existing neurological diseases in the anamnesis or debuted into a real pregnancy in 2019 and 2023.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The total number of pregnant patients with a neurological diagnosis was 407 in 2019, which accounted for 8.1% of all hospitalizations in the Perinatal Center, in 2023 - 431 cases (9.3%). The study shows the structure of neurological pathology: dorsopathies, primary and secondary headaches, mono- and polyneuropathies, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, vestibulopathy and others. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of post-puncture headaches in 2023 compared to 2019 (p = 0.032) was revealed, while the incidence of migraines increased (p = 0.023). Possible causes of the described changes are considered. There is a low incidence of thromboembolic complications of pregnancy and childbirth (less than 1% of cases), which indicates a clear organization of the prevention of these complications as a result of careful obstetric and therapeutic monitoring during pregnancy and timely delivery.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study demonstrates the structure of neurological pathology among pregnant women in the Smolensk region. Based on the presented data, niches are opened that require deeper knowledge and understanding of the pathological processes occurring during pregnancy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неврология и беременность</kwd><kwd>неврологические осложнения беременности</kwd><kwd>мигрень у беременных</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия и беременность</kwd><kwd>вестибулопатия у беременных</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurology and pregnancy</kwd><kwd>neurological complications of pregnancy</kwd><kwd>migraine in pregnant women</kwd><kwd>epilepsy and pregnancy</kwd><kwd>vestibulopathy in pregnant women</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов П.Н., Петрухин В.А., Ахвледиани К.Н., Лубнин А.Ю. Неврологогическая патология и беременность. 2-е изд. 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