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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2025-2/03</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HTPPSA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления об инфекции мочевых путей у детей (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current understanding of urinary tract infections in children (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-2807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первишко</surname><given-names>Олеся Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervishko</surname><given-names>Olesya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой педиатрии № 1, КубГМУ, г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics No. 1, KubSMU, Krasnodar, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ole-pervishko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-510X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсова</surname><given-names>Виолетта Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsova</surname><given-names>Violetta N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры педиатрии № 1, КубГМУ, г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics No. 1, KubSMU, Krasnodar, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vela.firsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7440-8386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киричек</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichek</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры педиатрии № 1, КубГМУ, г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate student at the Department of Pediatrics No. 1, KubSMU, Krasnodar, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kiricheksergejs@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-5644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>Виктория Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>Victoria G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры педиатрии № 1, КубГМУ, г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident of the Department of Pediatrics No. 1, KubSMU, Krasnodar, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktoria_larina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсов</surname><given-names>Никита Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsov</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант кафедры педиатрии № 1, КубГМУ, г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant at the Department of Pediatrics No. 1, KubSMU, Krasnodar, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">knazovv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет (КубГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University (KubSMU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Первишко О.В., Фирсова В.Н., Киричек С.А., Ларина В.Г., Фирсов Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Первишко О.В., Фирсова В.Н., Киричек С.А., Ларина В.Г., Фирсов Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pervishko O.V., Firsova V.N., Kirichek S.A., Larina V.G., Firsov N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1414">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1414</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзор литературы включены исследования (отечественные и зарубежные) об особенностях инфекции мочевых путей (ИМП) у детей различных возрастных групп с учетом современных знаний об уропатогенах. Подходы к пониманию патогенетических механизмов воспалительного процесса изменились в связи с возможностью исследования микробного разнообразия с помощью секвенирования ампликона 16S рРНК. Следовательно, наши представления о клинических особенностях, подходах к терапии тоже требуют пересмотра.</p><p>Цель - анализ и обобщение литературных данных по этиологическим, клинико-лабораторным особенностям инфекций мочевых путей в детском возрасте.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Анализ научной литературы проводился на базах Pubmed, Scopus, Free Medical Journal с охватом публикаций за последние 10 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В статье приведены последние данные об этиологических и эпидемиологических особенностях ИМП с учетом половозрастных характеристик. Показано, что методы молекулярной лабораторной диагностики продолжают усовершенствоваться, что включает в себя не только технологии точности определения вида и рода уропатогена, но и его вклад в особенности клинического течения ИМП. Определение микробного разнообразия с помощью метода секвенирования ампликона 16S рРНК в дальнейшем позволит ответить на вопросы о составе уробиома, количественных характеристиках у детей различных возрастных групп а следовательно, определить оптимальные подходы к лечению и профилактике. Дискуссионными остаются вопросы о назначении и длительности антибактериальной терапии, рассматриваются альтернативные подходы к терапии с использованием пищевых добавок на основе D-маннозы у пациентов с неосложненным течением ИМП, вызванных уропатогенными штаммами кишечной палочки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Внедрение современных молекулярных методов диагностики уропатогенов у детей с ИМП позволит ответить на вопросы особенностей клинического течения, показаний для применения антибактериальной терапии с учетом этиологического фактора.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review encompasses both domestic and international studies on the characteristics of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children of various age groups, taking into account contemporary knowledge of uropathogens. Approaches to understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of the inflammatory process have evolved due to advances in microbial diversity research using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Consequently, our understanding of clinical features and therapeutic approaches also requires revision.</p><p>Objective - to analyze and summarize the literature on the etiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of urinary tract infections in childhood.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Free Medical Journal, covering publications from the last 10 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The article presents the latest data on the etiological and epidemiological features of UTIs, considering age and gender characteristics. It is shown that molecular laboratory diagnostic methods continue to improve, encompassing not only technologies for the precise identification of uropathogen species and genera but also their contribution to the clinical course of UTIs. The determination of microbial diversity using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing will further address questions regarding the composition of the urobiome, quantitative characteristics in children of different age groups, and, consequently, the determination of optimal approaches to treatment and prevention. The issues of prescribing and duration of antibiotic therapy remain debatable, with alternative therapeutic approaches, such as the use of D-mannose-based dietary supplements in patients with uncomplicated UTIs caused by uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, being considered.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The implementation of modern molecular diagnostic methods for uropathogens in children with UTIs will help address questions regarding the clinical course, indications for antibiotic therapy, and the consideration of etiological factors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>клиническая картина</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>уропатогены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary tract infection</kwd><kwd>clinical presentation</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd><kwd>uropathogens</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральные клинические рекомендации «Инфекция мочевых путей (КР-2024г.)», Москва, 2024.URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/281_3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal clinical guidelines “Urinary tract infection (KR-2024)”, Moscow, 2024. 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