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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2023-3/06</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GWSHZJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние физических упражнений на мышцы тазового дна и промежности. Основные гипотезы и утверждения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of exercise on pelvic floor and perineal muscles. Main hypotheses and statements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-1065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемидронов</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemidronov</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой анатомии человека, СамГМУ, г. Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Human anatomy, SamSMU, Samara Russian Federaton</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.n.chemidronov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-1344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Галина Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>Galina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии и эмбриологии, СамГМУ, г. Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Department of Histology and Embryology, SamSMU, Samara Russian Federaton</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.n.suvorova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-7090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колсанов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolsanov</surname><given-names>Alexandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, ректор, зав. кафедрой оперативной хирургии и клинической анатомии с курсом медицинских информационных технологий, СамГМУ, г. Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), RSA Professor, Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy, SamSMU, Samara Russian Federaton</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.kolsanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет (СамГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University (SamSMU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чемидронов С.Н., Суворова Г.Н., Колсанов А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чемидронов С.Н., Суворова Г.Н., Колсанов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chemidronov S.N., Suvorova G.N., Kolsanov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1213">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1213</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема дисфункции тазового дна является одним из ключевых вопросов современной медицины. Симптомы, связанные с недостаточностью поддерживающего аппарата тазового дна, такие как пролапс и выпадение органов малого таза, недержание мочи и кала, все чаще и чаще наблюдаются у молодых женщин, а после родов третьим ребенком их частота достигает 80%. Особый интерес для современной медицины представляют женщины, профессионально занимающиеся спортом. Многие из них высоко мотивированные на достижение результата, не придают значение и не акцентируют внимание на проблеме дисфункции тазового дна. Открытым остается вопрос об укреплении мышц этой области. В настоящее время существуют две основные гипотезы, связанные с влиянием физических нагрузок на мышцы тазового дна. Цель: провести обзор литературы для поиска и обсуждения данных в поддержку той или иной гипотезы с позиции функциональной морфологии мышц тазового дна и промежности, развития заболеваний этой области и течения родов. Материалы и методы. В нашей работе на основании данных более ста источников литературы поисковой системы PubMed провести анализ работ по тематике недостаточности поддерживающего аппарата тазового дна у женщин, занимающихся интенсивными тренировками (профессиональные спортсменки, фитнес-инструкторы, военнослужащие и т.д.). Результаты. Согласно исследованиям мы выяснили, что развитие недостаточности поддерживающего аппарата тазового дна чаще всего формируется у девочек в подростковом возрасте при избыточных физических нагрузках. Специальные упражнения, направленные на укрепление мышц этой области, способствуют сокращению первого и второго периода родовой деятельности, минимизируя вероятность оперативного родоразрешения. Заключение. Отсутствие единообразия методик оценки и интерпретации данных требует дальнейшей проработки регистрации параметров и проведения высококачественных исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pelvic floor dysfunction is one of the key issues in modern medicine. Symptoms associated with insufficiency of the pelvic floor support apparatus, such as pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and fecal incontinence are increasingly observed in young women, and after giving birth to a third child, their frequency reaches 80%. Women who are professionally engaged in sports are of particular interest to modern medicine. Many of them, highly motivated to achieve results, do not give importance and do not focus on the problem of pelvic floor dysfunction. The question of strengthening the muscles of this area remains open. Currently, there are two main hypotheses related to the effect of physical exertion of the pelvic floor muscle. Objective: to review the literature to search for and discuss data in support of a hypothesis from the standpoint of the functional morphology of the pelvic floor and perineal muscles, the development of diseases in this area and the course of labor. Materials and methods. In our work, based on data from more than a hundred literature sources of the PubMed search engine, we are analyzing works on the topic of the pelvic floor support apparatus insufficiency in women engaged in intensive training (professional athletes, fitness instructors, military personnel, etc.) Results. According to research, we found out that the development of insufficiency of the pelvic floor support apparatus is formed in girls in adolescence with excessive physical exertion most often. Special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of this area contribute to the reduction of the first and second periods of labor, minimizing the likelihood of operative delivery. Conclusion. The lack of uniformity of methods for evaluating and interpreting data requires further elaboration of parameter registration and high-quality research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышца</kwd><kwd>поднимающая задний проход</kwd><kwd>недостаточность тазового дна</kwd><kwd>спорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>elevator muscle of anus (musculus levator ani)</kwd><kwd>pelvic floor insufficiency</kwd><kwd>sport</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association. 14. Management of Bouchard C, Shephard R, Stephens T. Physical activity, fitness and health. Consensus statement. Champagne: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association. 14. Management of Bouchard C, Shephard R, Stephens T. Physical activity, fitness and health. Consensus statement. 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