<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2023-2/04</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WVYFGD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотипический подход к персонализации фармакотерапии пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью с низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotypic approach to personalization of pharmacotherapy in patients with congenetive heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-9326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поветкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Povetkin</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии, КГМУ, г. Курск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, KSMU, Kursk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinfarm@kursknet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Курский государственный медицинский университет (КГМУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University (KSMU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поветкин С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поветкин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Povetkin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1166">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1166</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель - представить обзор литературных данных, касающихся персонализации фармакотерапии пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью с низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка. В статье обсуждаются современные подходы к фенотипированию пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью, имеющих низкую фракцию выброса левого желудочка (ХСНнФВ). Рассматриваются различные критерии фенотипирования как технологически сложные и имеющие перспективу внедрения в реальную практику в будущем, так и реализуемые в настоящее время. На текущий период наиболее приемлемым с практической точки зрения остается подход к фенотипированию больных ХСНнФВ, основанный на клинических, гемодинамических параметрах, позволяющий расставить приоритеты в назначении лекарственных средств. В статье обсуждается выбор оптимальных классов препаратов, влияющих на прогноз пациентов с ХСНнФВ, основанный на учете таких маркеров, как артериальное давление, число сердечных сокращений, наличие фибрилляции предсердий, наличие и степень дисфункции почек, электролитный баланс, сочетание указанных параметров. Фенотипический подход к лечению пациентов с ХСНнФВ поможет обеспечить персонализацию фармакотерапии сердечной недостаточностьи с максимальной пользой для конкретного пациента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective is to present a review of the literature data concerning the personalization of pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction. The article discusses modern approaches to phenotyping patients with chronic heart failure with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). Various criteria of phenotyping are considered, both technologically complex and having the prospect of implementation into real practice in the future, and currently being implemented. For the current period, the most acceptable approach from a practical point of view remains the phenotyping of patients with HFrEF, based on clinical, hemodynamic parameters, which allows prioritizing the appointment of medicines. The article discusses the choice of optimal classes of drugs that affect the prognosis of patients with HFrEF, based on taking into account such markers as blood pressure, heart rate, presence of atrial fibrillation, presence and degree of renal dysfunction, electrolyte balance, a combination of these parameters. A phenotypic approach to the treatment of patients with HFrEF will help to ensure the personalization of pharmacotherapy for heart failure with maximum benefit for a particular patient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>фракция выброса левого желудочка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>left ventricular ejection fraction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groenewegen A., Rutten F.H., Mosterd A., Hoes A.W. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur. J Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1342-1356. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groenewegen A., Rutten F.H., Mosterd A., Hoes A.W. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur. J Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1342-1356. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1858.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков Д.С., Фомин И.В., Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т., Артемьева Е.Г., Артемьева Е.Г., Бадин Ю.В. и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность в Российской Федерации: что изменилось за 20 лет наблюдения? Результаты исследования ЭПОХА-ХСН. Кардиология. 2021; 61(4):4-14. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628. EDN: WSZNFS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakov D.S., Fomin I.V., Belenkov Yu.N., Mareyev V.Yu., Ageyev F.T., Artem’yeva E.G., Artem’yeva E.G., Badin Yu.V., et al. Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what has changed over 20 years of follow-up? Results of the EPOCH-CHF study. Kardiologiya. 2021;61(4):4-14 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628. EDN: WSZNFS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savarese G., Becher P.M., Lund L.H., Seferovic P., Rosano G.M.C., Coats A.J.S. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovascular Research. 2023;118(17): 3272-3287. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savarese G., Becher P.M., Lund L.H., Seferovic P., Rosano G.M.C., Coats A.J.S. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovascular Research. 2023;118(17): 3272-3287. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляхто Е.В., Звартау Н.Э., Виллевальде С.В., Яковлев А.Н., Соловьева А.Е., Авдонина Н.Г., Медведева Е.А., Ендубаева Г.В. и др. Реализованные модели и элементы организации медицинской помощи пациентам с сердечной недостаточностью в регионах Российской Федерации: перспективы трансформации в региональные системы управления сердечно-сосудистыми рисками. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(4):10-18. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4-3792. EDN: EGQYDD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyakhto E.V., Zvartau N.E., Villevalde S.V., Yakovlev A.N., Soloveva A.E., Avdonina N.G., Medvedeva E.A., Endubaeva G.V., et al. Implemented models and elements for heart failure care in the regions of the Russian Federation: prospects for transformation into regional cardiovascular risk management systems.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(4):10-18 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4-3792. EDN: EGQYDD.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidenreich P.A., Bozkurt B., Aguilar D., Allen L.A., Byun J.J., Colvin M.M., Deswal A., Drazner M.H., et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-1032. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidenreich P.A., Bozkurt B., Aguilar D., Allen L.A., Byun J.J., Colvin M.M., Deswal A., Drazner M.H., et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-1032. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M., Gardner R.S., Baumbach A., Böhm M., Burri H., Butler J., et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(36):3599-3726. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M., Gardner R.S., Baumbach A., Böhm M., Burri H., Butler J., et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(36):3599-3726. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терещенко С.Н., Галявич А.С., Ускач Т.М., Агеев Ф.Т., Арутюнов Г.П., Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Беленков Ю.Н., Бойцов С.А. и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(11):311-374. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083. EDN: LJGGQV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tereshchenko S.N., Galyavich A.S., Uskach T.M., Ageyev F.T., Arutyunov G.P., Begrambekova Yu.L., Belenkov Yu.N., Boytsov S.A., et al. 2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Chronic heart failure.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(11):311-374 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083. EDN: LJGGQV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosano G.M.C., Moura B., Metra M., Böhm M., Bauersachs J., Ben Gal T., Adamopoulos S., Abdelhamid M., et al. Patient profiling in heart failure for tailoring medical therapy. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. J Heart Fail. 2021;23(6): 872-881DOI:10.1002/ejhf.2206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosano G.M.C., Moura B., Metra M., Böhm M., Bauersachs J., Ben Gal T., Adamopoulos S., Abdelhamid M., et al. Patient profiling in heart failure for tailoring medical therapy. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. J Heart Fail. 2021;23(6): 872-881DOI:10.1002/ejhf.2206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полунина Е.А., Воронина Л.П., Попов Е.А., Белякова И.С., Полунина О.С., Тарасочкина Д.С. Прогностические алгоритмы прогрессирования хронической сердечной недостаточности в зависимости от клинического фенотипа. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2019;18(3):41-47. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-3-41-47. EDN: MGSNAC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polunina E.A., Voronina L.P., Popov E.A., Belyakova I.S., Polunina O.S., Tarasochkina D.S. Prognostic algorithms for the progression of chronic heart failure depending on the clinical phenotype. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2019;18(3):41-47 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-3-41-47. EDN: MGSNAC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosano G.M.C., Allen L.A., Abdin A., Lindenfeld J., O’Meara E. Drug Layering in Heart Failure: Phenotype-Guided Initiation. J Am Coll Cardiol HF. 2021;9(11):775-783. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.06.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosano G.M.C., Allen L.A., Abdin A., Lindenfeld J., O’Meara E. Drug Layering in Heart Failure: Phenotype-Guided Initiation. J Am Coll Cardiol HF. 2021;9(11):775-783. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.06.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nadar S.K., Shaikh M.M. Biomarkers in Routine Heart Failure Clinical Care. Card Fail Rev. 2019;5(1):50-56. DOI:10.15420/cfr.2018.27.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadar S.K., Shaikh M.M. Biomarkers in Routine Heart Failure Clinical Care. Card Fail Rev. 2019;5(1):50-56. DOI:10.15420/cfr.2018.27.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egerstedt A., Berntsson J., Smith M.L., Gidlöf O., Nilsson R., Benson M., Wells Q.S., Celik S., et al. Profiling of the plasma proteome across different stages of human heart failure. Nature Сommunications. 2019;10(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13306-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egerstedt A., Berntsson J., Smith M.L., Gidlöf O., Nilsson R., Benson M., Wells Q.S., Celik S., et al. Profiling of the plasma proteome across different stages of human heart failure. Nature Сommunications. 2019;10(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13306-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиева А.М., Пинчук Т.В., Алмазова И.И., Эттингер О.А., Валиев Р.К., Батов М.А., Никитин И.Г. Клиническое значение определения биомаркера крови ST2 у больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(6):522-526. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.6.200606. EDN: ZWUXUD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliyeva A.M., Pinchuk T.V., Almazova I.I., Ettinger O.A., Valiyev R.K., Batov M.A., Nikitin I.G. Clinical significance of determining the ST2 blood biomarker in patients with chronic heart failure. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(6):522-526 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.6.200606. EDN: ZWUXUD.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осипова О.А., Нагибина А.И., Комисов А.А., Петрова Г.Д., Шеховцова Л.В., Власенко М.А., Власенко О.А. Патоморфологические механизмы регуляции образования миокардиального фиброза у больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью на фоне ишемической болезни сердца. Журнал «Сердечная недостаточность». 2016;17(5(98)):357-364. DOI: 10.18087/RHFJ.2016.5.2137. EDN: XIMIXF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osipova O.A., Nagibina A.I., Komisov A.A., Petrova G.D., Shekhovtsova L.V., Vlasenko M.A., Vlasenko O.A. Pathomorphological mechanisms for regulation of myocardial fibrosis formation in patients with chronic heart failure with underlying ischemic heart disease. Zhurnal serdechnaya nedostatochnost’. 2016;17(5(98)):357-364 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.18087/RHFJ.2016.5.2137. EDN: XIMIXF.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н., Деева Т.А. Прогностическое значение определения уровня галектина-3 у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017;16(6):82-86. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-6-82-86. EDN: ZVZZIP.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O.M., Shepel R.N., Deeva T.A. Prognostic significance of galectin-3 level assessment in metabolic syndrome patients with heart failure. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2017;16(6):82-86 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2017-6-82-86. EDN: ZVZZIP.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартынович Т.В., Акимова Н.С., Федотов Э.А., Шварц Ю.Г. Полиморфизм генов, ассоциированных с развитием атеросклероза, и когнитивные расстройства у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью ишемического генеза. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2015;14(1):30-34. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2015-1-30-34. EDN: TLAOWD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martynovich T.V., Akimova N.S., Fedotov E.A., Shvarts Yu.G. Gene polymorphism in association with atherosclerosis development and cognition disorders in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2015;14(1):30-34 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2015-1-30-34. EDN: TLAOWD.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Keulenaer G.W., Brutsaert D.L. The heart failure spectrum: time for a phenotype-oriented approach. Circulation. 2009;119(24):3044-3046. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.870006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Keulenaer G.W., Brutsaert D.L. The heart failure spectrum: time for a phenotype-oriented approach. Circulation. 2009;119(24):3044-3046. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.870006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González A., Richards A.M., de Boer R.A., Thum T., Arfsten H., Hülsmann M., Falcao-Pires I., Díez J., et al. Cardiac remodelling - Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2022;24(8):927-943 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González A., Richards A.M., de Boer R.A., Thum T., Arfsten H., Hülsmann M., Falcao-Pires I., Díez J., et al. Cardiac remodelling - Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2022;24(8):927-943 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swedberg K., Komajda M., Bohm M., Borer J.S., Ford I., Dubost-Brama A., Lerebours G., Tavazzi L., et al. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2010;376(9744):875-885. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61198-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swedberg K., Komajda M., Bohm M., Borer J.S., Ford I., Dubost-Brama A., Lerebours G., Tavazzi L., et al. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2010;376(9744):875-885. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61198-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotecha D., Holmes J., Krum H., Altman D.G., Manzano L., Cleland J.G., Lip G.Y., Coats A.J., et al. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9961):2235-2243. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61373-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotecha D., Holmes J., Krum H., Altman D.G., Manzano L., Cleland J.G., Lip G.Y., Coats A.J., et al. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9961):2235-2243. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61373-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cleland J.G., Bunting K.V., Flather M.D., Altman D.G., Holmes J., Coats A.J.S., Manzano L., McMurray J.J., et al. Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: an individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(1):26-35. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cleland J.G., Bunting K.V., Flather M.D., Altman D.G., Holmes J., Coats A.J.S., Manzano L., McMurray J.J., et al. Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: an individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(1):26-35. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chioncel O., Mebazaa A., Maggioni A.P., Harjola V.P., Rosano G., Laroche C., Piepoli M.F., Crespo-Leiro M.G., et al. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status - impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1338-1352. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chioncel O., Mebazaa A., Maggioni A.P., Harjola V.P., Rosano G., Laroche C., Piepoli M.F., Crespo-Leiro M.G., et al. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status - impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1338-1352. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beltrami M., Milli M., Dei L.L., Palazzuoli A. The Treatment of Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Doubts and New Developments from the Last ESC Guidelines. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(8):2243. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082243</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beltrami M., Milli M., Dei L.L., Palazzuoli A. The Treatment of Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Doubts and New Developments from the Last ESC Guidelines. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(8):2243. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082243</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beldhuis I.E., Lam C.S.P., Testani J.M., Voors A.A., Van Spall H.G.C., ter Maaten J.M., Damman K. Evidence-Based Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Chronic Kidney Disease. Circulation. 2022;145(9):693-712. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.052792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beldhuis I.E., Lam C.S.P., Testani J.M., Voors A.A., Van Spall H.G.C., ter Maaten J.M., Damman K. Evidence-Based Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Chronic Kidney Disease. Circulation. 2022;145(9):693-712. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.052792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mullens W., Martens P., Testani J.M., Tang W.H.W., Skouri H., Verbrugge F.H., Fudim M., Iacoviello M., et al. Renal effects of guideline-directed medical therapies in heart failure: a consensus document from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2022;24(4):603-619. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.2471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullens W., Martens P., Testani J.M., Tang W.H.W., Skouri H., Verbrugge F.H., Fudim M., Iacoviello M., et al. Renal effects of guideline-directed medical therapies in heart failure: a consensus document from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2022;24(4):603-619. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.2471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
