<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kurskvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Человек и его здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humans and their health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5746</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1998-5754</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kursk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21626/vestnik/2022-3/08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kurskvest-1069</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование полисахаридов побегов малины обыкновенной и их сорбционной активности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of polysaccharides of common raspberry shoots and their sorption activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-1869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Константинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaev</surname><given-names>Dmitry K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. фарм. наук, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, ПГФА, г. Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor at the Department of pharmacognosy, PSPA, Perm, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkg2014@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-3976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоногова</surname><given-names>Валентина Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belonogova</surname><given-names>Valentina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р фарм. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой фармакогнозии, ПГФА, г. Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, PSPA, Perm, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belonogova@pfa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2227-8313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудакова</surname><given-names>Ирина Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой физиологии, ПГФА, г. Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Physiology, PSPA, Perm, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">physiology@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-9816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротков</surname><given-names>Илья Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkov</surname><given-names>Il’ya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. фарм. наук, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, ПГФА, г. Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, PSPA, Perm, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korotkovi@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермская государственная фармацевтическая академия (ПГФА)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy (PSPA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуляев Д.К., Белоногова В.Д., Рудакова И.П., Коротков И.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуляев Д.К., Белоногова В.Д., Рудакова И.П., Коротков И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gulyaev D.K., Belonogova V.D., Rudakova I.P., Korotkov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1069">https://www.kursk-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/1069</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведено сравнительное исследование водорастворимого полисахаридного комплекса и пектиновых веществ побегов первого и второго года малины обыкновенной. Цель - сравнительное исследование и сорбционная активность полисахаридов побегов малины обыкновенной. Материалы и методы. Образцы для исследования собирали на территории Ильинского района Пермского края в темнохвойном лесу. Содержание полисахаридных фракций определяли модифицированным антрон-серным методом Дрейвуда. Последовательно получали водорастворимый полисахаридный комплекс и пектиновые вещества из разных частей побегов. Сорбционную активность определяли по способности веществ связывать метиленовый синий, который является маркером для большинства медицинских сорбентов. Острую токсичность полученных полисахаридных фракций исследовали по В.В. Прозоровскому. Результаты. В побегах первого года и второго года малины обыкновенной в большем количестве накапливаются пектиновые вещества, чем водорастворимые полисахариды. Листья малины содержат больше полисахаридов по сравнению с безлистными частями. В результате исследования острой токсичности установлено, что все исследуемые вещества можно отнести к классу малотоксичных (ЛД50&gt;5000 мг/кг). Установлено, что водорастворимый полисахаридный комплекс, полученный из безлистных частей побега первого года и второго года, проявляет сорбционную активность достоверно выше препарата сравнения (полифепан). Сорбционная активность пектиновых веществ, полученных из листьев побегов первого года и второго года, также превышает активность препарата сравнения. Наибольшую сорбционную активность проявляют пектиновые вещества побегов второго года, а наименьшую пектиновые вещества безлистных побегов малины. Заключение. Полученные вещества являются перспективными для создания современных сорбентов на основе полисахаридных фракций побегов первого года и второго года малины обыкновенной. Учитывая простоту в заготовке и высокую сорбционную активность полисахаридов безлистной части побега малины, следует проводить заготовку не только листьев, но и безлистных частей побега.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative study of the water-soluble polysaccharide complex and pectin substances of first and second year shoots of common raspberry. Objective - comparative study and sorption activity of polysaccharides of common raspberry shoots. Materials and methods. The samples for the research were collected in a dark coniferous forest on the territory of the Ilyinsky district of Perm Region. The content of polysaccharide fractions was determined by the modified Dreywood anthrone- sulfurous method. A water-soluble polysaccharide complex and pectin substances were sequentially obtained from different parts of the shoots. The sorption activity was determined by the ability of the substances to bind methylene blue, which is a marker for most medical sorbents. The acute toxicity of the obtained polysaccharide fractions was examined according to Prozorovsky V.V. Results. The shoots of the first and second year of common raspberry accumulate more pectin substances than water-soluble polysaccharides. Leaves of raspberry contain more polysaccharides compared to leafless parts. As a result of acute toxicity study, it was found that all studied substances can be classified as low-toxic (LD50&gt;5,000 mg/kg). It was found that water-soluble polysaccharide complex obtained from leafless parts of the shoot of the first and second year shows sorption activity reliably higher than that of the reference preparation (Polyphepan). Sorption activity of pectin substances obtained from leaves of the first and second year shoots also exceeds that of the reference preparation. The highest sorption activity is shown by pectin substances of the second year, and the lowest sorption activity by pectin substances of leafless raspberry shoots. Conclusion. The obtained substances are promising for creating modern sorbents based on polysaccharide fractions of the first and second year shoots of common raspberry. Taking into account the simplicity in harvesting and high sorption activity of polysaccharides of the leafless part of the raspberry shoot, not only leaves but also leafless parts of the shoot should be harvested.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малина обыкновенная</kwd><kwd>Rubus idaeus L.</kwd><kwd>побеги первого года</kwd><kwd>побеги второго года</kwd><kwd>водорастворимые полисахариды</kwd><kwd>пектин</kwd><kwd>острая токсичность</kwd><kwd>сорбционная активность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Быструшкин А.Г. О жизненной форме малины обыкновенной (Rubus idaeus L.). Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. 2005;12(1): 52-55. EDN: NTZCWN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bystrushkin A.G. On the life form of the common raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Vestnik Cheljabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2005;12(1):52-55 (in Russ.). EDN: NTZCWN</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC).Community Herbal Monograph on Rubus idaeus L. Folium. London: European Medicines Agency, 2012. 22 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC).Community Herbal Monograph on Rubus idaeus L. Folium. London: European Medicines Agency, 2012. 22 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Завражнов В.И., Китаева Р.И., Хмелев К.Ф. Лекарственные растения. Лечебное и профилактическое использование. Воронеж: Издательство Воронежского университета, 1993. 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavrazhnov V.I., Kitayeva R.I., Khmelev K.F. Medicinal plants. Therapeutic and preventive use. Voronezh: Voronezh University Press, 1993. 480 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hummer K.E.Rubus pharmacology: antiquity to the present. Horticultural Science. 2010;45(11): 1587-1591</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hummer K.E.Rubus pharmacology: antiquity to the present. Horticultural Science. 2010;45(11): 1587-1591</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheng J.Y., Wang S.Q., Liu K.H., Zhu B., Zhang Q.Y., Qin L.P., Wu J.J.Rubus chingii Hu: an overview of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 2020;18(6):401-416. DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(20)30048-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheng J.Y., Wang S.Q., Liu K.H., Zhu B., Zhang Q.Y., Qin L.P., Wu J.J.Rubus chingii Hu: an overview of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 2020;18(6):401-416. DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(20)30048-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu, Y., Wang, H., Xie, Z., Whent, M., Gao, X., Zhang, X., Zou, S., Yao, W. et al. Structural analysis and bioactivity of a polysaccharide from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. Food Chemistry. 2011;128(3):620-626. DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2011.03.055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu, Y., Wang, H., Xie, Z., Whent, M., Gao, X., Zhang, X., Zou, S., Yao, W. et al. Structural analysis and bioactivity of a polysaccharide from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. Food Chemistry. 2011;128(3):620-626. DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2011.03.055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Z., Liu L., Xu Y., Wang L., Teng X., Li X., Dai J. Characterization and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits. Carbohydr Polym. 2015;132:180-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Z., Liu L., Xu Y., Wang L., Teng X., Li X., Dai J. Characterization and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits. Carbohydr Polym. 2015;132:180-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren-Bo X., Xin Y., Jing W., Hai-Tian Zh., Wei-Hong L., Jie C., Cui-Lin Ch., Pan Z., Xu R.B., Yang X., Wang J., Zhao H.T., Lu W.H., Cui J., Cheng C.L., Zou P. et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of three polysaccharide fractions from pine cones.Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(11):14262-14277. DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren-Bo X., Xin Y., Jing W., Hai-Tian Zh., Wei-Hong L., Jie C., Cui-Lin Ch., Pan Z., Xu R.B., Yang X., Wang J., Zhao H.T., Lu W.H., Cui J., Cheng C.L., Zou P. et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of three polysaccharide fractions from pine cones.Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(11):14262-14277. DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaid R.M., Mishra P., Wahid Z.A., Sakinah A.M.M. Hylocereus polyrhizus peel's high-methoxyl pectin: A potential source of hypolipidemic agent.Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;134:361-367. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.143</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaid R.M., Mishra P., Wahid Z.A., Sakinah A.M.M. Hylocereus polyrhizus peel's high-methoxyl pectin: A potential source of hypolipidemic agent.Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;134:361-367. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen R., Liu Z., Zhao J., Chen R., Meng F., Zhang M., Ge W. Antioxidant and immunobiological activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions purified from Acanthopanax senticosu. Food Chem. 2011;127(2):434-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.143</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen R., Liu Z., Zhao J., Chen R., Meng F., Zhang M., Ge W. Antioxidant and immunobiological activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions purified from Acanthopanax senticosu. Food Chem. 2011;127(2):434-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakhmanberdyeva R.K., Shashkov A.S., Bobakulov K.M., Azizov D.Z., Malikova M.K., Ogay D.K. The structure and prebiotic activity of arabinogalactan from Ferula Kuhistаnica. Carbohydr Res. 2021;505:108342. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108342</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhmanberdyeva R.K., Shashkov A.S., Bobakulov K.M., Azizov D.Z., Malikova M.K., Ogay D.K. The structure and prebiotic activity of arabinogalactan from Ferula Kuhistаnica. Carbohydr Res. 2021;505:108342. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108342</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du Y., Wan H., Huang P., Yang J., He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;147:112654. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du Y., Wan H., Huang P., Yang J., He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;147:112654. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yin M., Zhang Y., Li H. Advances in Research on Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Plant Polysaccharides. Front Immunol. 2019;10:145. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yin M., Zhang Y., Li H. Advances in Research on Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Plant Polysaccharides. Front Immunol. 2019;10:145. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie J.H., Jin M.L., Morris G.A., Zha X.Q., Chen H.Q., Yi Y., Li J.E., Wang Z.J. et al. Advances on Bioactive Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56 Suppl 1:S60-84. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1069255</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie J.H., Jin M.L., Morris G.A., Zha X.Q., Chen H.Q., Yi Y., Li J.E., Wang Z.J. et al. Advances on Bioactive Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56 Suppl 1:S60-84. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1069255</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J., Willfоr S., Xu C. A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: Biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre. 2015;5(1):31-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.12.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J., Willfоr S., Xu C. A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: Biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre. 2015;5(1):31-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.12.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Souza P., Boeing T., Somensi L.B., Cechinel-Zanchett C.C., Bastos J.K., Petreanu M., Niero R., Cechinel-Filho V. et al. Diuretic effect of extracts, fractions and two compounds 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid and 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone from Rubus rosaefolius Sm. (Rosaceae) leaves in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2017;390(4):351-360. DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1333-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Souza P., Boeing T., Somensi L.B., Cechinel-Zanchett C.C., Bastos J.K., Petreanu M., Niero R., Cechinel-Filho V. et al. Diuretic effect of extracts, fractions and two compounds 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid and 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone from Rubus rosaefolius Sm. (Rosaceae) leaves in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2017;390(4):351-360. DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1333-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rojas-Vera J., Patel A.V., Dacke C.G. Relaxant activity of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaf extract in guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Phytother Res. 2002;16(7):665-668. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rojas-Vera J., Patel A.V., Dacke C.G. Relaxant activity of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaf extract in guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Phytother Res. 2002;16(7):665-668. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma H., Johnson S.L., Liu W., DaSilva N.A., Meschwitz S., Dain J.A., Seeram NP. Evaluation of Polyphenol Anthocyanin-Enriched Extracts of Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Red Raspberry, and Strawberry for Free Radical Scavenging, Reactive Carbonyl Species Trapping, Anti-Glycation, Anti-β-Amyloid Aggregation, and Microglial Neuroprotective Effects.Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(2):461. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020461</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma H., Johnson S.L., Liu W., DaSilva N.A., Meschwitz S., Dain J.A., Seeram NP. Evaluation of Polyphenol Anthocyanin-Enriched Extracts of Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Red Raspberry, and Strawberry for Free Radical Scavenging, Reactive Carbonyl Species Trapping, Anti-Glycation, Anti-β-Amyloid Aggregation, and Microglial Neuroprotective Effects.Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(2):461. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020461</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seeram N.P., Adams L.S., Zhang Y., Lee R., Sand D., Scheuller H.S., Heber D. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(25):9329-9339. DOI: 10.1021/jf061750g</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seeram N.P., Adams L.S., Zhang Y., Lee R., Sand D., Scheuller H.S., Heber D. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(25):9329-9339. DOI: 10.1021/jf061750g</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуляев Д.К., Белоногова В.Д., Рудакова И.П. Состав и биологическая активность полисахаридов побегов и листьев малины обыкновенной (Rubus idaeus). Традиционная медицина. 2017;4(51):39-42. EDN: YNJTAA</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulyayev D.K., Belonogova V.D., Rudakova I.P.Composition and biological activity of polysaccharides of shoots and leaves of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). Traditional medicine. 2017;4(51):39-42 (in Russ.). EDN: YNJTAA</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krauze-Baranowska M., Głód D., Kula M., Majdan M., Hałasa R., Matkowski A., Kozłowska W., Kawiak A. Chemical composition and biological activity of Rubus idaeus shoots--a traditional herbal remedy of Eastern Europe. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:480. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krauze-Baranowska M., Głód D., Kula M., Majdan M., Hałasa R., Matkowski A., Kozłowska W., Kawiak A. Chemical composition and biological activity of Rubus idaeus shoots--a traditional herbal remedy of Eastern Europe. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:480. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailey R.W., Haq S., Hassid W.Z. Carbohydrate composition of particulate preparations from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) shoots. Phytochemistry. 1967;6(2):293-301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailey R.W., Haq S., Hassid W.Z. Carbohydrate composition of particulate preparations from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) shoots. Phytochemistry. 1967;6(2):293-301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оленников Д.Н., Танхаева Л.М. Методика количественного определения группового состава углеводного комплекса растительных объектов. Химия растительного сырья. 2006;(4):29-33. EDN: HYINOX</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olennikov D.N., Tankhayeva L.M. Method of quantitative determination of the group composition of the carbohydrate complex of plant objects. Khimija Rastitel’nogo Syr’ja. 2006;(4):29-33 (in Russ.). EDN: HYINOX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прозоровский В.В., Прозоровская В.М. Экспресс- метод определения средней летальной дозы. Фармакология и токсикология. 1978;(4):497-502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prozorovskiy V.V., Prozorovskaya V.M. Express method for determining the average lethal dose. Farmakologiya i toksikologiya. 1978;(4):497-502 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решетников В.И. Принципы разработки лекарственных форм сорбентов. Пермь: ГОУ ВПО ПГФА Росздрава, 2008. 196 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshetnikov V.I. Principles of development of medicinal forms of sorbents. Perm: GOU VPO PGFA Roszdrava, 2008. 196 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Величко В.В., Макарова Д.Л. Сравнительный фармакогностический анализ листьев и плодов малины обыкновенной. Медицина и образование в Сибири. 2015;(4):16-24. EDN: UXTHXR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velichko V.V., Makarova D.L.Comparative pharmacognostic analysis of leaves and fruit of raspberry ordinary. Medicina i obrazovanie v Sibiri. 2015;(4):16-24. (in Russ.). EDN: UXTHXR</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
